Chapter 8 Flashcards
(68 cards)
Refers to the , acquisition, expansion, exploitation
of territory that belonged to one group of people by another group of people who are not original
peoples of the area
Colonization
“The wealth of Indigenous peoples, their land and
resources, have effectively been stolen for
generations.
settler colonialism
The first inhabitants of a land who have experienced the colonization of their land and cultures
Indigenous
is a term used to describe Aboriginal peoples
of Canada who are ethnically neither Métis nor Inuit.
First Nations
refers to a collective of cultures
and ethnic identities that resulted from unions
between Aboriginal and European people in
what is now Canada.
Metis
Aboriginal peoples who live in the far northern and artic regions of Canada. They are distinct culturally and legally from First Nations peoples and the Metis
Inuit
intended to create mutually agreed
upon conditions for the relations
between Indigenous peoples and
settlers, including relations for the
sharing of land and resources
“Each day that Indigenous rights are
not honoured or fulfilled, inequalities
between Indigenous peoples and
settler society grows”
treaties
Each day that Indigenous rights are
not honoured or fulfilled, inequalities
between Indigenous peoples and
settler society__________
grows
Multiple treaties were signed pre-
confederation by
British government
series of numbered treaties signed post-
confederation starting with Treaty
No 1 (1871): Ojibway and Swampy
Cree of Manitoba.
Numbered treaties
The territory that is now called Windsor is covered by the ….
Upper Canada Treaties
Many if not all
treaties were written in such a way
that it appears that First Nations
surrendered all of their rights to land in
exchange for _______ and ________
for small reserves and
meagre compensation.
Important to recognize that there are two versions of treaties based in the different cultures and
traditions of Indigenous peoples and settler
colonizers:
oral and written
-gorunded in the traditions of indigenous people
-what is said and promised verbally
oral
-grounded in the traditions of settler people.
- what is written down and signed
written
Even though treaties are intended to be entered into equally from positions of mutual respect and agreement, the government of Canada’s interpretation of treaties today clearly reflect the intersts and perspectives of _________ over that of _______________.
- colonizers
- Indigenous peoples
Recognized version
written version
Written version is in what language?
in language of the settler colonizers
Resolution of disputes is through what system?
through the systems of the settler
colonizers (legal system and courts)
Indigenous perspective:
Oral agreements based on an understanding that:
- Treaties are not a surrender of the land and resources but are agreements about the sharing of land and resources.
- Treaties are based in peaceful co-existence, friendship, mutual respect.
- Treaties reflect a nation to nation relationship.
Designation by the Supreme Court of Canada for
territories in which there is no signed
agreement/treaty on how to share the land
Aboriginal title lands
Almost _______ in Canada is not under a
treaty
half of the land
First significant legislation concerning Indigenous
peoples in Canada; issued by King George III. Recognized Indigenous land rights and self-government.
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Indicated land could only be relinquished via
“____________” to the Crown and recognized
that tribal councils still made decisions about their
own people.
voluntary cessions
