Chapter 10

Question 0

Asexual reproduction

Answer 0

Production of genetically identical offspring from one parents

Question 1

Cell division

Answer 1

Process in which cells divide into two daughter cells

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Production of offspring from two parents producing an offspring that is not genetically identical

Question 3

Reasons a cell divides (4)

Answer 3

1. ) larger surface area to volume ratio
2. ) replace cells that died
3. ) healing
4. ) growing

Question 4

What must a cell do before it divides?

Answer 4

Grow and replicate organelles and DNAs

Question 5

Does a cell want a large or small surface area? Why?

Answer 5

Large. That way there’s more cell membrane to take in nutrients and food

Question 6

Does a cell want a large or small volume? Why?

Answer 6

Small. Then it takes less time and less materials to get nutrients to the cell to keep it alive

Question 7

What’s the formula for surface area?

Answer 7

(L x W) x 6 (if it’s a cube)

Question 8

What’s the formula for volume?

Answer 8

V= l x w x h

Question 9

Characteristics of asexual reproduction (2)

Answer 9

1 parent

Offspring is genetically identical

Question 10

Characteristics of sexual reproduction (2)

Answer 10

2 parents

Offspring is not genetically identical

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

Complex of DNAs and proteins found in chromosomes

Question 12

Chromatid

Answer 12

Each DNA strand in duplicated chromosomes

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

Division of the cell membrane

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 15

Centromere

Answer 15

Area where duplicated strands of DNA attach

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

Organelles that helps with cell division

Question 17

Spindle fibers

Answer 17

Fibers that extend out from the centrioles to divide the chromatid to each side

Question 18

Characteristics of DNA in prokaryotes (2)

Answer 18

Singular, circular piece

Found throughout the cell

Question 19

Characteristics of DNA in eukaryotes (2)

Answer 19

Multiple, strand like

Found in the nucleus

Question 20

What happens in interphase?

Answer 20

Definition- the “inbetween” phase of the cell cycle
G1- cell grows
S- organelles and DNA are copied
G2- cell grows

Question 21

What happens in prophase?

Answer 21

DNA condenses into chromatid and nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 22

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 22

Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell. Chromosomes line up along the centromere and attach to spindle fibers

Question 23

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 23

Identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 24

What happens during telophase?

Answer 24

Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell. They condense into two separate masses and cell membrane begins to pinch together

Question 25

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 25

Cytoplasm pinches in half. Each cell has an identical set of duplicated chromosomes

Question 26

How is the division of plant cells different than the division of animal cells?

Answer 26

Plant cells use a cell plate to divide because their cell wall takes more force to divide

Question 27

List the stages of the cell cycle in order

Answer 27

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 28

Cyclin

Answer 28

Protein that regulates the cell cycle

Question 29

Apoptosis

Answer 29

Programmed cell death

Question 30

Growth factors

Answer 30

External regulators that speed up cell division during healing

Question 31

Cancer

Answer 31

Unregulated cell growth and division

Question 32

Tumor

Answer 32

Mass of cancerous cells

Question 33

Explain the rate of cell division changes as a person gets injured and heals

Answer 33

The rate of cell division speeds up when a persons injured and begins healing. After healing, it slows back down.

Question 34

What do internal regulators do? Example?

Answer 34

Control events inside the cell | Ex: stopping the cell cycle if the cells not ready for division

Question 35

What do external regulators? Example?

Answer 35

Controls events outside the cell | Ex: speeds up or slows down rate of division

Question 36

Ways cell dies (2)

Answer 36

1. Apoptosis- programmed cell death | 2. Accident due to damage or injury

Question 37

Ways cancer can be treated (3)

Answer 37

1. ) surgery 2. ) chemotherapy 3. ) radiation

Question 38

Causes of cancer

Answer 38

Smoking, gene mutation, tanning beds, overexposure to the sun

Question 39

What's a malignant tumor?

Answer 39

A tumor that invades and destroys surrounding healthy tissues and cells

Question 40

What's a benign tumor?

Answer 40

Tumor that does not spread to surrounding tissues

Question 41

Differentiation

Answer 41

Process by which cells become specialized

Question 42

Stem cell

Answer 42

Unspecialized cell from which specialized cell develop

Question 43

Why is cell differentiation important during development

Answer 43

Cell differentiation allows multicellular organisms to be complex and have specialized cells and functions

Question 44

Totipotent

Answer 44

Cell that can turn into ANY type of cell | Ex: fertilized egg

Question 45

Pluripotent

Answer 45

Can turn into MOST types of cells | Ex: embryonic stem cells

Question 46

Multipotent

Answer 46

Cell that can turn into MANY types of cells | Ex: adult stem cells

Question 47

Benefits of stem cell research

Answer 47

The damage from heart and nerve problems can be repaired or even reversed

Question 48

Issues of stem cell research?

Answer 48

Harvesting the cells destroy the embryo (controversial subject of life and death)

Question 49

What's the role of chromosomes in cell division?

Answer 49

To make sure each cell gets the correct amount of DNA

Question 50

What's importance of a cell copying the it's DNA before it divides.

Answer 50

To make sure each cell gets the right amount. If it wasn't right, the cells could either split it and neither have enough or one cell have all the DNA while the other has none