Chapter 10 Flashcards
(23 cards)
emotion
Feeling, or affect, that occurs when people are engaged in an interaction that is important to them, especially one that influences their well-being.
primary emotions
Emotions that are present in humans and other animals, and emerge early in life; examples are joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust.
self-conscious emotions
Emotions that require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”; examples include jealousy, empathy, and embarrassment.
basic cry
A rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry.
anger cry
A cry similar to the basic cry but with more excess air forced through the vocal cords.
pain cry
A sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning, and a long initial cry followed by an extended period of breath holding.
reflexive smile
A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. It happens during the month after birth, usually during sleep.
social smile
A smile in response to an external stimulus, which, early in development, typically is a face.
stranger anxiety
An infant’s fear of and wariness toward strangers; it tends to appear in the second half of the first year of life.
separation protest
Occurs when infants experience a fear of being separated from a caregiver, which results in crying when the caregiver leaves.
temperament
Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.
easy child
A temperament style in which the child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, and adapts easily to new experiences.
difficult child
A temperament style in which the child tends to react negatively and cry frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept new experiences.
slow-to-warm-up child
A temperament style in which the child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.
goodness of fit
The match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.
social referencing
“Reading” emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.
attachment
A close emotional bond between two people.
Strange Situation
Ainsworth’s observational measure of infant attachment to a caregiver, which requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order
securely attached babies
Babies who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
insecure avoidant babies
Babies who show insecurity by avoiding the mother.
insecure resistant babies
Babies who might cling to the caregiver, then resist her by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away.
insecure disorganized babies
Babies who show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented.
developmental cascade model
Involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.
