Chapter 8 Flashcards
(17 cards)
intelligence
The ability to solve problems and to adapt to and learn from experiences.
mental age (MA)
An individual’s level of mental development relative to others.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
An individual’s mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100; devised in 1912 by William Stern.
Normal Distribution
A symmetrical distribution with the majority of the cases falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg’s theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical.
emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others.
heritability
The fraction of the variance in a population that is attributed to genetics.
culture-fair tests
Intelligence tests that aim to avoid cultural bias.
Stereotype threat
Anxiety that one’s behavior might confirm a stereotype about one’s group
developmental quotient (DQ)
An overall developmental score that combines subscores
on motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants
Bayley Scales of infant Development
Initially created by Nancy Bayley, these scales are widely used in assessing infant development. The current version has five scales: cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive.
intellectual disability
A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to everyday life; and (3) has an onset of these characteristics by age 18.
gifted
Possession of above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something.
creativity
The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems.
divergent thinking
Thinking that produces many answers to the same question; characteristic of creativity.
convergent thinking
Thinking that produces one correct answer, characteristic of the kind of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests.
brainstorming
A technique in which children are encouraged to come up with creative ideas ina group, play off one another’s ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind.
