Chapter 10

Question 1

Ankle joint

Answer 1

There is 2 joints
- Tibiotalar joint
- Subtalar joint

Question 2

Tibiotalar joint

Answer 2

Articulation between tibia and talus (ankle bone)
Actions:
- dorsiflexon
- plantar flexion (push on the break)

Question 3

Subtalar joint

Answer 3

Articulation between talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone)

It helps to maintain the balance

Actions:
- inversion (medially)
- eversion (laterally)

Question 4

Ankle ligaments

Answer 4

• Anterior talofibular ligament
• Posterior talofibular ligament
• Calcaneofibular ligament
• Deltoid ligament (triangle shape)

Question 5

Anterior talofibular ligament (Lateral ligament)

Answer 5

It attaches to the talus and fibula and it’s on the front

Action:
- limit anterior translation of foot on the tibia
- resists inversion during planar flexion

• the most commonly sprained ligament

Question 6

Posterior talofibular ligament

Answer 6

It attaches to the talus and fibula and it’s on the back

Actions:
- resists posterior translation of the tibia
- prevents rotatory subluxation of the talus

• the strongest ligaments of all the ankle ligaments

Question 7

Calcaneofibular ligament

Answer 7

Attaches from the calcaneus to the fibula

Action:
- limits inversion in neutral or dorsiflrxion position

Question 8

Deltoid ligament (Medial legament)

Answer 8

Action:
- limit eversion

Question 9

Arches of the foot

Answer 9

• Medial arch (goes higher then lateral)
• Lateral arch (goes lower than medial)

They help to with absorption of shock of being a bipedal animal

Question 10

Plantar aponeurosis

Answer 10

Arises from the calcaneus and go forward to 5 digits

Action: gives support and stability for the longitudnial arches

Question 11

Anterior Muscles

Answer 11

• Tibialis anterior muscle
• Extensor hallicus longus muscle
• Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Question 12

Tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 12

Origin: upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia
Insertion: inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the FIRST metatarsal bone

Actions:
- dorsiflexion of the ankle
- inversion of the foot

Question 13

Extensor hallicus longus muscle

Answer 13

Origin: middle 2/3 of the medial surface of the anterior fibula
Insertion: top of the base of the distal phalanx of the GREAT TOE

Actions:
- dorsiflexion
- extension of the GREAT TOE at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Question 14

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Answer 14

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula and upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula
Insertion: top of the middle and distal phalanxes of the FOUR LESSER TOES

Actions:
- dorsiflexion of the ankle
- eversion of the foot
- extension of the FOUR LESSER TOES a the metatarsophalangeal and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Question 15

Innervation of the anterior muscle

Answer 15

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 16

Posterior Muscles

Answer 16

Superficial group
- Gastrocnemius muscle
- Soleus muscle
- Plantaris muscle

Deep group
- Popliteus muscle
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus

Question 17

Gastrocnemius muscle

Answer 17

Origin:
Medial head - posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle
Lateral head - posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus

Actions:
- Plantar flexion of the ankle
- Flexion of the knee

Question 18

Soleus muscle

Answer 18

Origin: posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of the posterior tibial surface
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus

Action: plantar flexion of the ankle

Question 19

Plantaris muscle

Answer 19

Origin: inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the lateral femoral condyle, just above the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
Insertion: posterior medial surface of the calcaneus

Actions:
- weak plantar flexion of the ankle
- weak flexion of the knee

Question 20

Tibialis posterior

Answer 20

Origin: posterior surface of the upper half of the interosseus membrane and adjacent surface of the tibia and fibula
Insertion: Inferior surface of the NAVICULAR, CUNEIFORM, AND CUBOID bones and bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bone

Actions:
- plantar flexion of the ankle
- inversion of the foot

Question 21

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 21

Origin: middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of each of the FOUT LESSER TOES

Actions:
- plantar flexion of the ankle
- inversion of the foot
- flexion of the FOUR LESSER TOES a the metatarsophalangeal and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Question 22

Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 22

Origin: middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the GREAT TOE

Actions:
- plantar flexion of the ankle
- inversion of the foot
- flexion of the GREAT TOE at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Question 23

Innervation of the posterior muscles

Answer 23

Tibial nerve

Question 24

Lateral Muscles

Answer 24

• Peroneus longus muscle
• Peroneus brevis muscle

Question 25

Peroneus longus muscle

Answer 25

Origin: head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: undersurfaces of the medial cuneiform and FIRST metatarsal bones Action: - plantar flexion of the ankle - eversion of the foot

Question 26

Peroneus brevis muscle

Answer 26

Origin: mid to lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: tuberosity of the FIFTH metatarsal Actions: - plantar flexion of the ankle - eversion of the foot

Question 27

Innervation of the lateral muscles

Answer 27

Superficial peroneal nerve