Chapter 10 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the six basic emotions generally recognized?
Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust
What are Emotional Display Rules?
Cultural norms that guide when and how emotions should be expressed
What is social referencing in emotional development?
Using others’ emotional cues to guide responses in uncertain situations
What is empathy?
The ability to understand and share others’ emotions
How do infants show early signs of empathy?
Infants may cry when they hear another baby crying
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?
Empathy involves feeling others’ emotions, while sympathy is understanding without feeling the same emotion
What are self-conscious or secondary emotions?
Emotions that arise from self-evaluation based on social standards, like shame, guilt, pride, and embarrassment
When do self-conscious emotions typically develop in children?
These emotions develop around age 3 and increase during early childhood
What is guilt in terms of emotional development?
Guilt arises when children reflect on a specific behavior they regret
What is shame in emotional context?
Shame occurs when the focus is on an aspect of ourselves we believe cannot be changed
What is emotional intelligence (EI)?
The ability to recognize, understand, manage, and influence emotions in oneself and others
Define emotional self-regulation
Managing and controlling emotional reactions in a healthy way
What role do caregivers play in the emotional regulation of infants?
Infants rely on caregivers to help manage their distress
What is effortful control?
The ability to consciously control one’s own behavior
What is the delay of gratification?
Resisting an immediate reward for a larger, long-term benefit
Define temperament in emotional development
The general way in which individuals respond to experiences in the world
What is the impact of culture on child temperament?
Cultural values can shape child characteristics and responses
What are Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess’ three temperament profiles?
Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is an immediate response to real threats, while anxiety is worry about future threats
How prevalent are anxiety disorders among children and adolescents?
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorder in children, affecting about 1/3 of American adolescents
What is separation anxiety?
Distress experienced when away from caregivers
What characterizes Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?
Extreme temper outbursts and chronic irritability
Define attachment in child development
A deep emotional bond formed between an infant and their caregiver, essential for development
What are the stages of attachment according to Bowlby?
Pre-attachment, attachment-in-the-making, clear-cut attachment, and goal-corrected partnership
