Chapter 8 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory?
A theory that includes general intelligence (g factor) and specific intelligence (s factor)
General intelligence explains overall cognitive ability, while specific intelligence refers to task-specific abilities.
Define the g factor in Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory.
Overall cognitive ability across tasks
It explains why individuals who excel in one cognitive area tend to excel in others.
What is the s factor in Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory?
Task-specific abilities independent from other abilities
Examples include musical talent and athletic ability.
What are the two types of intelligence in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory?
- Fluid Intelligence
- Crystallized Intelligence
What is Fluid Intelligence?
The ability to solve new problems and think abstractly without prior knowledge
Peaks in early adulthood and declines with age.
What is Crystallized Intelligence?
The ability to use knowledge and experience accumulated over time
Improves with age and tends to be stable or increase.
What does Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence include?
- Analytical Intelligence
- Practical Intelligence
What is Analytical Intelligence?
Problem-solving and critical thinking skills
Example: Writing stories.
What is Practical Intelligence?
Everyday problem-solving and common sense skills
Example: Managing schedules.
What is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?
A standardized score measuring a person’s intellectual abilities compared to others
First introduced by Alfred Binet.
What is the mean IQ score and its standard deviation?
Mean is 100, standard deviation is 15.
What areas does the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale measure?
- Fluid Reasoning
- Knowledge
- Quantitative Reasoning
- Visual-Spatial Processing
- Working Memory
What is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)?
An IQ test designed for children aged 6-16 assessing five key areas
Developed by David Wechsler.
List the five key areas assessed by the WISC.
- Verbal Comprehension
- Visual-Spatial Reasoning
- Fluid Reasoning
- Working Memory
- Processing Speed
What is Authentic Assessment?
Uses complex problems to assess real-life skills
Assesses both process and product of learning.
What are some genetic influences on IQ?
- Twin studies
- Adoption studies
What factors influence IQ aside from genetics?
- Home environment
- Parenting
- Family attitudes
- Available opportunities
- Nutrition
What is Intellectual Disability?
Intellectual impairment in intellectual, social, and adaptive functioning
Affects approximately 1-3% of U.S. children.
What is a Specific Learning Disorder?
Impairments in reading, writing, or arithmetic
Must show persistent, below-average performance.
Define Giftedness.
High potential for developmental age, not solely based on high IQ
Involves a three-ring model of intellectual ability, creativity, and task commitment.
What is Self-Control?
The ability to regulate impulses, emotions, and behaviors to achieve long-term goals
Demonstrated by the marshmallow test.
What are two types of motivation?
- Intrinsic motivation
- Extrinsic motivation
What is intrinsic motivation?
Driven by personal interest and enjoyment of learning
Leads to deep learning and creativity.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Driven by rewards or external pressures
Can boost short-term performance but may reduce long-term interest.
