Chapter 10

Question 1

A circular doe folded structure

Answer 1

Basin

Question 2

When rocks break into smaller pieces

Answer 2

Brittle deformation

Question 3

Differential stress that shortens a rock body, even pressure on all sides

Answer 3

Compressional stress

Question 4

General term for the process of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces

Answer 4

Deformation

Question 5

Forces that are unequal in different directions

Answer 5

Differential stress

Question 6

The angle at which a rock layer or fault is inclined from the horizontal. The direction of dip is at right angle to the strike

Answer 6

Dip

Question 7

A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault

Answer 7

Dip-slip fault

Question 8

A roughly circular unfolded structure

Answer 8

Dome

Question 9

A type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the size of a rock body without fracturing.
Occurs at depths where temperatures and confining pressures are high

Answer 9

Ductile deformation

Question 10

A break in a rock mass along which movement had occurred

Answer 10

Fault

Question 11

A cliff created by movement along a fault. It represents the exposed surface of the fault prior to modification by weathering and erosion

Answer 11

Fault scarp

Question 12

A bent layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed

Answer 12

Fold

Question 13

That which tends to put stationary objects in motion or changes the motions of moving objects

Answer 13

Force

Question 14

A valley formed by the downloaded displacement of a fault-bounded block

Answer 14

Graben

Question 15

A tilted fault block in which the higher side is associated with mountainous topography and the lower side is a basin that fills with sediment

Answer 15

Half-Graben

Question 16

An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults

Answer 16

Horst

Question 17

A fracture in rock along which there has been no movement

Answer 17

Joint

Question 18

A remnant of outlier of a thrust sheet that was isolated by erosion

Answer 18

Klippe

Question 19

A one-limbed flexes in strata. The strata are usually flat-lying or very gently dipping down on both sides of the monocline

Answer 19

Monocline

Question 20

A fault in which the rock above fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below

Answer 20

Normal fault

Question 21

A fault in which the material above the fault planes moves up in relation to the material above

Answer 21

Reverse fault

Question 22

Stress that causes two adjacent parts of a body to slide past one another

Answer 22

Shear

Question 23

An irreversible change in the shape and size of a rock body caused by stress

Answer 23

Strain

Question 24

The force per unit areas acting on any surface within a solid

Answer 24

Stress

Question 25

The compass direction of the line of intersection created by a dipping bed or fault and a horizontal surface. Is always perpendicular to the direction of dip.

Answer 25

Strike

Question 26

A fault along which the movement is horizontal

Answer 26

Strike-slip fault

Question 27

A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline

Answer 27

Syncline

Question 28

The type of stress that tends to pull a body apart

Answer 28

Tensional stress

Question 29

A low-angle reverse fault

Answer 29

Thrust fault

Question 30

A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates

Answer 30

Transform fault

Question 31

Where axial planes intersects folded strata

Answer 31

Hinge line

Question 32

Beds dip at about the same angle, but in opposite directions in

Answer 32

Symmetrical fold

Question 33

Axial plane is inclined and limbs in opposite directions, but at different angles

Answer 33

Asymmetrical fold

Question 34

Axial plane is inclined and both limbs dip in the same direction

Answer 34

Overturned fold

Question 35

Divides a fold into two symmetrical halves

Answer 35

Axial plane

Question 36

Occurs when the hinge line is not horizontal and the fold appears to plunge into the ground

Answer 36

Plunging fold

Question 37

The rock surface immediately above a fault

Answer 37

Hanging wall

Question 38

The rock surface below a fault

Answer 38

Footwall

Question 39

A fold in sedimentary strata that resembles an arch

Answer 39

Anticline