Chapter 10

Question 1

race

Answer 1

generally connotes biological differences among groups of people

• a categorization in which a large number of people share visible biological characteristics regard themselves or are regarded by others as a single group on that basis
• more of a social construct than a biological construct = a group is defined as a racial group when certain physical characteristics are selected for special emphasis by members of a society

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

used to describe the organizational, behavioral, and cultural characteristics of a culture

Question 3

racial & ethnic inequality

Answer 3

social arrangements that confer privileges upon one group at the expense of another group

• inequalities of income, wealth, and education attainment
• inequalities in health care, homicide rates, infant mortality rates, housing, etc.

Question 4

racism

Answer 4

an ideology or set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group over another
-used to justify social arrangements between the dominant and minority groups

Question 5

prejudice

Answer 5

an irrationally based negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward certain groups and their members

• rooted in stereotypes or generalizations
• subjective feeling

Question 6

discrimination

Answer 6

refers to differential treatment, usually unequal and injurious, accorded to individuals who are assumed to belong to a particular category or group
-overt action

Question 7

individual discrimination

Answer 7

occurs when one person treats others unfairly because of their race or ethnicity

Question 8

institutional discrimination

Answer 8

refers to complex societal arrangements that restrict the life chances and choices of a specifically defined group in comparison with those of the dominant group

Question 9

assimilation

Answer 9

the process whereby groups with different cultures come to share a common culture

Question 10

Anglo conformity

Answer 10

the renunciation of other ancestral cultures in favor of Anglo-American behavior and values

Question 11

pluralism

Answer 11

the development and coexistence of separate racial and ethnic group identities within a society

Question 12

subjugation

Answer 12

the domination of one group by another

Question 13

segregation

Answer 13

the act, process, or state of being set apart