Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (26):
1
social group
people who share goals, norms, and have a common identity
-has a purpose and is therefore important to its members
-members know how to tell an "insider" from an "outsider"
2
social aggregate
people who have little in common but are in the same place together
3
primary groups
involve interaction among members who have an emotional investment in one another and in a situation, who know one another intimately, and who interact as total individuals rather than through specialized roles
-generally small, relatively long period of interaction, intimate association, emotional depth to relationships, cooperative, friendly (example: family)
4
secondary group
charactered by much less intimacy among its members
-usually has specific goals
-formally organized and is impersonal
-usually large, often temporary, little social intimacy, relationships generally superficial, more formal and impersonal (example: co-workers)
5
instrumental
focused on accomplishing concrete tasks
6
expressive
concerning feelings and interpersonal relationships
7
reference group
a group of social category that an individual uses to help define beliefs, attitudes, and values and to guide behavior
-provides a comparison point against which people measure themselves and others
-often a category we identify with, rather than a specific group we belong to
8
dyad
a group of two people
-example: engaged couple or pilot and co-pilot
9
triad
a group of three people
-considered more stable than dyads, but the addition of a third member creates uncertainty because it introduces the possibility of two-against-one alliances
-more stable in those situations when one member can help resolve quarrels between the other two
10
subgroup
a splinter group, usually created informally, to enable face-to-face interaction
11
associations
purposefully created groups with clearly defined goals and procedures
12
Gemeinschaft
community; a group in which relations are intimate, personal, and cooperative
13
Gesellschaft
society; a group in which relations are impersonal and independent
14
collective conscience
Durkheim's term for the shared fundamental beliefs and values of a group
15
mechanical solidarity
social solidarity based on similarity among people and strong commitment to the collective conscience
16
organic solidarity
social solidarity based on difference and the fitting together of specialized tasks
17
bureaucracy
a formal, rationally organized social structure divided into offices with specific tasks run on principles of impartiality
18
ideal type
a simplified model used to illustrate a concept
19
oligarchy
rule by a small group of self-interested people
20
social institutions
the ordered social relationships that grow out of the values, norms, statuses, and roles that organize the activities that fulfill society's fundamental needs
21
social organization
the relatively stable pattern of social relationships among individuals and groups in society
22
functions of groups
to function properly, all groups (primary & secondary) must:
-define boundaries
-choose leaders
-make decisions
-set goals
-assign tasks
-control members' behavior
23
leader
someone who occupies a central role or position of dominance and influence in a group
-essential in a group
24
instrumental leadership
a leader who actively proposes tasks and plans to guide the group towards achieving its goals
25
expressive leadership
a leader who works to keep relations among group members harmonious and morale high
26