Chapter 10

Question 1

Cylopamine effects

Answer 1

teratogen that causes craniofacial abnormalities

“cyclopia”

Question 2

Valproic acid

Answer 2

antilepileptic
teratogen
disripts HOX protein
mimic features of valproic acid

Question 3

Excessive retinoic acid as teratogen

Answer 3

retinoic acid embryopathy
involves CNA, cardiac and craniofacial defects
cleft lip, cleft palate

Question 4

PPROM

Answer 4

ROM rupture before 37 weeks

Question 5

PROM

Answer 5

ROM rupture after 37 weeks

Question 6

Chorioamniocentesis

Answer 6

inflammation of the placental membrane in intrauterine infection

Question 7

Funisitis

Answer 7

inflammation of umbilical cord in intrauterine infection

Question 8

TORCH infections

Answer 8

toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes,

Question 9

Fetal infections

Answer 9

TORCH infections

Question 10

Proportionate FGR

Answer 10

when a small for gestational age baby has proportionate organ size to their body

Question 11

What can cause uteroplacental insufficiency? (5)

Answer 11

umbilical vascular abnormalities
placental abruption
placental thrombosis and infarction
placental infections
multiple gestations

Question 12

Who has proportionate FGR

Answer 12

babies experiencing fetal abnormalities

Question 13

Babies experiencing placental abnormalities

Answer 13

usually have asymmetric growth retardation of the fetus

Question 14

Most common factors associated with SGA

Answer 14

vascular diseases and thrombophilias

Question 15

Vascular diseases of maternal abnormalities

Answer 15

preeclampsia and chronic hypertension

Question 16

3 common features of child born with untreated RDS

Answer 16

preterm, normal weight, associations with male, maternal diabetes, and C-section

Question 17

2 complications of RDS

Answer 17

1. retrolental fibroplasia

2. bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 18

What are recovery RDS patients at risk for?

Answer 18

patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 19

Mediator of necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 19

PAF which promotes mucosal permeability

Question 20

Clinical presentation of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 20

bloody stools, abdominal distension, circulatory collapse

Question 21

Clinical presentation of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 21

bloody stools, abdominal distension, circulatory collapse

Question 22

Two routes of perinatal infection

Answer 22

transcervical (ascending)

transplacental (hematologic)

Question 23

Sequelae for transcervical infection

Answer 23

ingesting amniotic fluid, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis

Question 24

Sequelae for transcervical infection

Answer 24

ingesting amniotic fluid, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis

Question 25

What does Parvovirus B19 do?

Answer 25

causes erythema infection

Question 26

TORCH clinical manifestations

Answer 26

fever, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonitis, myocarditis, hemolytic anemia, vesicular or hemorrhagic skin lesions

Question 27

TORCH clinical manifestations

Answer 27

fever, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonitis, myocarditis, hemolytic anemia, vesicular or hemorrhagic skin lesions

Question 28

Late onset perinatal sepsis

Answer 28

longer latent period of when organism enters and when it shows signs *Listeria and Candida

Question 29

Late onset perinatal sepsis

Answer 29

longer latent period of when organism enters and when it shows signs *Listeria and Candida

Question 30

Immune hydrops

Answer 30

hemolytic anemia caused by Rh blood group incompatability between mother and fetus ex. Rh and ABO

Question 31

Immune hydrops

Answer 31

hemolytic anemia caused by Rh blood group incompatability between mother and fetus

Question 32

Cystic hygroma

Answer 32

localized edema or post nuchal fluid accumulation

Question 33

Maternal Rh isoimmunization

Answer 33

Rhesus immune globulin that contains anti-D antibodies

Question 34

2 consequences of destruction of red blood cells in a neonate

Answer 34

1. Anemia | 2. Jaundice

Question 35

Kernicterus

Answer 35

yellow discoloration of brain parenchyma

Question 36

3 causes of nonimmune hydrops

Answer 36

1. structural and functional cardiovascular defects 2. chromosomal anomalies 3. fetal anemia

Question 37

3 causes of nonimmune hydrops

Answer 37

1. structural and functional cardiovascular defects 2. chromosomal anomalies 3. fetal anemia

Question 38

Clinical signs of PKU (5)

Answer 38

strong musty diaper odor, sever mental retardation, seizures, decreased pigmentation of hair and skin, eczema

Question 39

Clinical signs of PKU (4)

Answer 39

sever mental retardation, seizures, decreased pigmentation of hair and skin, eczema

Question 40

Mechanism of maternal PKU

Answer 40

phenylalanine crosses the placenta and becomes teratogenic to the fetus

Question 41

Mechanism of maternal PKU

Answer 41

phenylalanine crosses the placenta and becomes teratogenic to the fetus

Question 42

Biochemical cause of PKU

Answer 42

phenylalanine can't be converted to tyrosine due to lack to phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 43

Lack of tyrosine

Answer 43

depigmentation of hair and skin | *tyrosine goes to melanin

Question 44

THB form of PKU

Answer 44

important because it can't be treated with dietary restriction of phenylalanine