Chapter 10

Question 1

conceptual peg hypothesis

Answer 1

a hypothesis, associated with Paivio’s dual coding theory, that states that concrete nouns create images that other words can hang onto, which enhances memory for these words

Question 2

depictive representation

Answer 2

corresponds to spatial representation. So called because a spacial representation can be depicted by a picture

Question 3

epiphenomenon

Answer 3

phenomenon that accompanies a mechanism but is not actually part of the mechanism. An example of epiphenomenon is lights that flash on a mainframe computer as it operates

Question 4

food craving

Answer 4

intense desire to eat a specific food

Question 5

imageless thought debate

Answer 5

the debate about whether thought is possible in the absence of images

Question 6

imagery debate

Answer 6

debate whether imagery is based on spatial mechanisms, such as those involved in perception, or on propositional mechanisms that are related to language

Question 7

imagery neuron

Answer 7

type of category-specific neuron that is activated by imagery

Question 8

mental chronometry

Answer 8

determining the amount of time needed to carry out a cognitive task

Question 9

mental imagery

Answer 9

experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input

Question 10

mental scanning

Answer 10

process of mental imagery in which a person scans a mental image in his or her mind

Question 11

mental walk task

Answer 11

task used in imagery experiments in which participants are asked to form a mental image of an object and to imagine a spatial layout.

Question 12

method of loci

Answer 12

method for remembering things in which the things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of spatial layout

Question 13

paired-associate learning

Answer 13

learning task in which participants are first presented with pairs of words, the one word of each pair is presented and the task is to recall the other word

Question 14

pegword technique

Answer 14

method of remembering things in which the things to be remembered are associated with concrete words

Question 15

propositional representation

Answer 15

representation in which relationships are represented by symbols, as when the words of a language represent objects and the relationships between objects

Question 16

spatial representation

Answer 16

a representation in which different parts of an image can be described as corresponding to specific locations in space

Question 17

tacit knowledge explanation

Answer 17

an explanation proposed to account for the results f some imagery experiments that states that participants unconsciously use knowledge about the world in making their judgments. This explanation has been used as one of the arguments against describing mental imagery as a depictive or spatial representation

Question 18

unilateral neglect

Answer 18

a problem caused by brain damage, usually to the right parietal lobe, in which the patient ignores objects in the left half of his or her visual field

Question 19

visual imagery

Answer 19

type of mental imagery involving vision, in which an image is experienced in the absence of a visual stimulus