Chapter 10 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
BPAs are banned in
A
Europe and Canada
2
Q
BPA mimics what and responda how?
A
Estrogen (female hormone) among others and the body reacts to it the same way
3
Q
Environmental health
A
Assesses environmental factors that influence human health and quality-of-life
4
Q
Environmental health includes
A
Natural and human caused Factors
5
Q
Sheryl crow links what to breast cancer
A
Water bottles
6
Q
BPA can leech into
A
Water in water bottles
7
Q
You can only refill a water bottle for times before
A
Bacteria contamination
8
Q
Heated water bottles contain more
A
BPA
9
Q
What does BPA stand for
A
Bisphenol A
10
Q
BPA causes what
A
Cancer, nerve damage, And miscarriages
11
Q
What percentage of Americans have BPA is in their bodies
A
93%
12
Q
BPA’s leech into
A
Food, air, and our bodies
13
Q
Where are they making water in a box
A
Savanah
14
Q
Physical hazards
A
Occur naturally in our environment
15
Q
Physical hazards include
A
UV radiation, earthquakes, Volcanoes, fires, floods, landslides, hurricanes, droughts, etc
16
Q
Pathogens
A
Has the ability to cause disease
17
Q
Chemical hazards
A
Synthetic Chemicals
18
Q
Chemical hazards include
A
Pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, and pesticides
19
Q
Biological hazards
A
Result from ecological interactions
20
Q
Infectious disease
A
Transmissible disease (contagious)
21
Q
Infectious diseases include
A
Viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens; parasitisize humans
22
Q
Leading cause of death by infectious disease
A
Respiratory infections
23
Q
Vector
A
Means of transfer from one person to another
24
Q
Infectious diseases accounts for what percentage of deaths in poor nations
A
50%
25
Developed countries Can pay for what more so than poor countries
Nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, and medicine
26
Cultural hazards
Result from where we live, our socioeconomic status, occupation, or behavioral choices
27
Cultural hazards include
Smoking, drug use, diet and nutrition, crime, mode of transportation
28
Non-infectious diseases
Does not spread from one person to another
29
Noninfectious diseases are based off of
Genetics, lifestyle, and environmental basis
30
Noninfectious diseases include
Cancer, heart disease
31
What fosters illness
Poverty and poor hygiene
32
What’s first? HIV or AIDS
HIV is first; AIDS is later
33
What has decreased some infectious diseases?
Public health
34
Ways to prevent disease
Stay active; don’t rub eyes; wash hands with soap; use hand sanitizer; not be Around sick people; sleep; nutrition; keep up immunity
35
What’s the number one way to get a cold?
Rubbing your eyes
36
What does the FDA do
Monitors food, Food additives, cosmetics, drugs, medical devices
37
What does the EPA do
Regulates pesticides and synthetic chemicals not covered by other laws
38
What does OSHA stand for
Occupational safety and health administration
39
What does OSHA do
Regulates workplace hazards
40
What country incorporates the precautionary principle
Europe
41
Toxicology
The study of the effects of poisonous substances on humans and other organisms
42
Toxicity
The degree of harm a chemical can inflict
43
Toxicant
Any toxic substance (poison)
44
What does a toxicant depend on
It depends on the combined effect of the chemical and it’s quantity
45
What is primarily used for testing
Animals
46
If it kills the blank, it’ll kill the blank
Animal; human
47
Environmental toxicology
Deals with toxic substances that come from or are discharged into the environment
48
Environmental toxicology studies
Animals and plants to determine whether they indicate human health threats
49
Most Americans spend what percentage of their time indoors
90%
50
True or false: most environmental health hazards exist indoors
True
51
Lead builds up in what part of your body
In your bones
52
Chemicals have given us what high standards of living
Industrial agriculture’s production of food; medical advances; modern materials and conveniences
53
Synthetic
Something that is man-made
54
Degerming
Moving your hands while washing them
55
Toxins
Toxic chemicals made in tissues of living organisms
56
Few of the blank chemicals on the market have been tested
100,000
57
True or false: everyone carries traces of hundreds of industrial chemicals in our bodies
True
58
Rachel Carson’s silent spring was made in what year and showed what risk to people, wildlife, and ecosystems
1962;DDT’s
59
Toxic chemicals also exist naturally in what
Our food
60
Carcinogens
Cause cancer
61
Mutagens
Cause DNA mutations
62
Taratogens
Cause birth defects in embryos
63
Neurotoxins
Affects the nervous system
| Lead,Mercury
64
Allergens
Over activate the immune system
65
Pathway inhibitors
Interrupt biochemical processes
66
What year was DDT banned in the US
1973
67
Endocrine disruptors
Affect the endocrine hormone system
68
The endocrine hormone system stimulates what
Growth, development, sexual maturity (accelerate puberty); it also regulates brain function, appetite, sex drive, etc
69
What are the barriers that prevent toxin intake
Skin, scales, feathers
70
Synthetic chemicals can block or mimic what
Hormones
71
Biochemical pathways can detoxify what or make them water soluble so they can be excreted
Toxins
72
What can be stored in an organisms funny
Toxins
73
What can’t be overwhelmed if toxin levels get too high
Defenses
74
Do we have natural defenses against synthetics
No
75
If predator species are affected
Praise species can experience population growth
76
It’s pretty species are affected
Predators decline as their food source declines
77
What does the EPA stand for
US environmental protection agency
78
The EPA keeps us safe at what level
Federal
79
Chemicals can travel by what and impact areas far from the site of use
Air
80
Pesticide drift
Airborne transport of pesticides; this upsets other countries
81
Acute exposure
Hi exposure to a hazard for short periods of time; the reaction is an immediate/rapid reaction
82
Chronic exposure
Low exposure for a long time; permanent/long-lasting affect
83
Bioindicators
Animal populations that can’t be monitored for disease through population decline
84
What species species are primarily used as bioindicators
Alligators and frogs
85
What is the Florida bio indicator
Scallops (filter feeder)
86
Bioaccumulation
Buildup within tissues; fat soluble toxicants build up in tissues; travels in food chain
87
Biomagnification
Toxicants concentrations are magnified through trophic levels
88
Case history
Process of observing and analyzing individual patients
89
When it comes to bees, what is more harmful than disease
Aroa Mites
90
Threshold dose
The level where a response occurs
91
Lethal dose/effective dose
The amount of toxicants required to kill/affect 50% of the subjects; a high number indicates low toxicity
92
Threshold dose
The level where a response occurs
93
Epidemiological study
Compares a group of people who are exposed to a hazard to a group of people who are not
94
Estimating Human effects requires what, so regulatory agencies set standards below minimum toxicity levels
Extrapolation
95
Synergistic effects
Interactive impacts that are greater than the sum of their constituent effects
96
Precautionary Principle
Assumes the substance is harmful until it shown to be harmless; Be cautious with what you are using
97
BPA stands for what
Bisphenol A
98
Theo Colburns Our stolen future (1996)
Describes how synthetic chemicals maybe changing animals hormones
99
What designated that chemicals need a warning label
MSDS
100
What percentage of chemicals have been tested
10%
101
We feel more at risk when we do not have what over a situation
Control
102
Alternatives to animal testing
Computer simulation, tissue mimicker, and egg membranes
