chapter 10 continued- gene expression

Question 1

-proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype

-a gene sends instructions in the form of mRNA which programs protein synthesis through transcription and translation

• dna in nucleus to rna to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Answer 1

central dogma of biology

Question 2

provides template for protein synthesis during translation

carrie’s transcript of dna

Answer 2

mrna

Question 3

brings amino acids and reads genetic code during translation

Answer 3

trna

Question 4

makes up ribosomes with other ribosomes

Answer 4

rrna

Question 5

how does dna control cell activity?

Answer 5

dna is used as a template to make rna (transcription) and rna is used as a template to make protein (translation)

Question 6

3 nucleotide bases of mrna that codes for an amino acid

Answer 6

codon

Question 7

complimentary bases of codon located on trna

Answer 7

anticodon

Question 8

where does transcription occur and what is it

Answer 8

occurs in nucleus

converts dna to mrna

Question 9

first step of transcription

Answer 9

rna polymerase unwinds dna

Question 10

step 2 of transcription

Answer 10

rna polyermase adds rna nucleotides

Question 11

processing steps of transcription

Answer 11

add cap and tail and remove introns (non coding)

Question 12

where does translation occur

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

first step of translation

Answer 13

players arrive and ribosomes attach to to mrna at start codon and trna brings first amino acid

Question 14

second step in translation

Answer 14

next trna brings next amino acid to ribosomes to make a polypeptide. trna brings anti codon to codon from mrna

Question 15

last step in translation

Answer 15

ribosome reaches stop codon

Question 16

change in dna nucleotide sequence

Answer 16

mutation

Question 17

_______ substitutions is a point mutation where…

Answer 17

exchange one nucleotide with a mother

Question 18

base substitution changes codon and results in different amino acid

Answer 18

missense mutation

Question 19

base substitution changes codon but same amino acid

Answer 19

silent mutation

Question 20

base substitution stop codon results in a incomplete, ________________ protein

Answer 20

nonsense substitution

Question 21

insertions and deletions

Answer 21

add or remove one or more dna nucleotides

Question 22

framwshift mutation results in

Answer 22

different amino acid sequence

Question 23

what is the source of mutation

Answer 23

mutagenesis

Question 24

mistakes made during dna replication that are not corrected are _________ mutations

Answer 24

spontaneous

Question 25

agents that cause mutations are called

Answer 25

mutagens (x-rays, uv rays, chemicals)

Question 26

what is a virus

Answer 26

infectious particle

Question 27

what do viruses need to reproduce

Answer 27

a host cell

Question 28

virus that attacks prokaryotic cells

Answer 28

phage

Question 29

phages are made of

Answer 29

nucleic acid (dna or rna) outer protein coat (capsule)

Question 30

host cell explodes (lyses) releasing new viruses (what type of reproductive cycle is this?)

Answer 30

lytic

Question 31

viral dna combines with host cell dna and lies dormant unless an environmental trigger sets it off (what reproductive cycle is this?)

Answer 31

lysogenic

Question 32

type of virus that is new, and emerges from one specific location and spreads rapidly

Answer 32

emerging virus