chapter 4- cells

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

-all living things made of cells

-cells are the basic unit of life

-cells come from other cells

Question 2

why are cells so small?

Answer 2

the surface area to volume ratio is large

Question 3

what do all cells have in common?

Answer 3

1) cell membrane

2) cytoplasm

3) dna

4) ribosomes

Question 4

prokaryotic cells are part of what domain(s)?

Answer 4

domain bacteria and archaea

Question 5

nucleiod

Answer 5

characteristic of a prokaryotic cell where dna is not enclosed by a membrane

Question 6

gives shape support and protection

Answer 6

cell wall (prokaryotic)

Question 7

proteins, gives protection

Answer 7

capsule (prokaryotic)

Question 8

whiplike tail for movement

Answer 8

flagella (prokaryotic)

Question 9

how do prokaryotic cells evolve into eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

through the endosymbiotic theory

Question 10

-membrane folds to increase surface area

-large prokaryotic cell engulfs a smaller cell without destroying/digesting it

Answer 10

endosymbiotic theory

Question 11

what are benefits of endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 11

-larger cell gets nutrients (energy)

-smaller cell gets protection

Question 12

-make energy molecules

-have 2 membranes

-reproduce like cells

-have own dna

Answer 12

mitochondria and chloroplast evidence of endosymbiotic theory

Question 13

-control center

-houses dna

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

makes ribosomes

Answer 14

nucleolus

Question 15

-has ribosomes attatched

-site of protein synthesis

Answer 15

rough ER

Question 16

-no ribosomes

-site if lipid synthesis

-helps detoxify chemicals

Answer 16

smooth ER

Question 17

small membranous sac

Answer 17

vesicle

Question 18

larger vesicle

Answer 18

vacuole

Question 19

-processing center

-modifies, packages, and ships products of ER (proteins and lipids)

Answer 19

golgi apparatus

Question 20

-stomach of animal cell

-contains digestive enzymes

Answer 20

lysosome

Question 21

-site of cellular respiration

-makes ATP (energy molecule)

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

site of photosynthesis (makes sugar)

Answer 22

chloroplast

Question 23

-microtubules and microfilaments

-gives shape to

-attachment and movement of organelles

-movement structures (cilia, flagella, muscles)

Answer 23

cytoskeleton

Question 24

gives support and shape to plant cells

Answer 24

cell wall

Question 25

water storage, pigments, and toxins

Answer 25

central vacuole

Question 26

what do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotes lack?

Answer 26

membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 27

what do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotes lack?

Answer 27

cell wall, capsule, flagella

Question 28

organelles and other structures of animal cells are also found in_______ cells

Answer 28

plant

Question 29

difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 29

plants have cell wall, chloroplast, and large central vacuole and plasmodesmata

Question 30

functions between cells

Answer 30

cell junction

Question 31

-membrane proteins held closely together between cells

-prevents leaking

ex. bladder

Answer 31

tight junction

Question 32

-protein fibers weaved between neighboring cells

-allows stretching

ex. uterus, skin

Answer 32

anchoring junction

Question 33

-channel proteins between neighboring cells

-allows substances to flow across entire tissue/organ

ex. cardiac muscles

Answer 33

gap juntion

Question 34

holes in plant cell walls connect allowing fluid and substances to flow across plant tissues

ex. suagr

Answer 34

plasmodesmata

Question 35

polypeptide enters the rough er and folds into 3 dimensional shape

Answer 35

step one of secretion

Question 36

short chains of sugar link to the polypeptide making it a glycoprotein

Answer 36

step 2 of secretion

Question 37

when it’s ready to leave, it is packaged in a transport vesicle

Answer 37

step 3 of secretion

Question 38

the vesicle buds off

Answer 38

step 4 of secretion