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bio 149-100 > chapter 3- organic chemistry > Flashcards

chapter 3- organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

organic compounds contain

A

carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

carbon needs ___ electrons to fill outermost shell

A

4

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3
Q

what determines a molecules function?

A

an atoms shape, size, and atoms attached to it

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4
Q

-organic molecules containing only carbon hydrogen

-provide energy

A

hydrocarbons

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5
Q

-organic molecules with same type and number of atoms, but different arrangements
-results in unique properties

A

isomers

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6
Q

-small group of atoms attatched to carbon chains in an organic molecule

-gives unique properties and functions by participating in chemical reactions

-polar, which makes compounds containing them hydrophilic and water soluble

A

functional groups

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7
Q

giant molecule formed by joining of small molecules into chains called polymers, by dehydration

-linked by covalent bonds

-long molecules consisting of repeating building blocks= monomers

A

macromolecule

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8
Q

4 classes of macromolecules

A

1) carbohydrates
2) lipids
3) proteins
4) nucleic acid

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9
Q

how to build/ snythesize a polymer

A

remove water -dehydration reaction

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10
Q

to breakdown/ digest a polymer

A

add water - hydrolysis/ hydration

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11
Q

monomer of carbohydrate

A

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

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12
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

many monomers attached

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13
Q

what is the most important monosaccharide in cells?

A

glucose (fuel molecule)

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14
Q

a carbohydrate polymer of many monosaccharides (sugars) linked by dehydration

A

polysaccharide

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15
Q

polysaccharide examples

A

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose
-chitin

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16
Q

energy storage molecule in plants

A

starch

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17
Q

energy storage molecule in animals

A

glycogen

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18
Q

cell wall support in plant cell

A

cellulose

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19
Q

support structure of the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi

A

chitin

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20
Q

mixed group of organic molecules (not true polymers)

all non polar (hydrophobic)

A

lipids

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21
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Fat
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steriods

22
Q

Fat

A

Long term energy storage molecule (triglyceride)

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (chains)

23
Q

Phospholipid

A

Main component of cell membrane

1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids

24
Q

Head of phospholipid is __________ and ___________

A

Charged and hydrophilic

25
Q

Tails of phospholipid are _________ and ___________

A

Nonpolar and hydrophobic

26
Q

Waxes…

A

Repel water

27
Q

Steriods…

A

Type of lipid whose carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings with various chemical groups attached

E.x. Cholesterol, sex hormones

28
Q

Saturated fat

A

-Full of hydrogens
- single bonds
- straight chains
- solid a at room temp

29
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

-missing hydrogens
-double bond forms
-bent chains
- liquid at room temperature

30
Q

This macromolecule has a wide variety of structures and functions

A

Proteins

31
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acid

32
Q

How are amino acids distinguished from one another?

A

By chemical properties of R-groups

33
Q

Covalent bond between 2 amino acids in a polypeptide

A

Peptide bond

34
Q

What is a polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids

35
Q

This protein function speeds up chemical reactions in cells

A

Enzymes

36
Q

Proteins are made from ______ _______ linked by _________ _______

A

Amino acids… peptide bonds

37
Q

This function of protein includes antibodies

A

Defense

38
Q

This function of protein helps move substances in or out of cells

A

Transport

39
Q

This Funtion of protein includes hair, nails, webs, collagen

A

Structural

40
Q

Functions of protein depend on

A

Structure/ shape

41
Q

What is denaturation

A

Process where a protein unravels, losing its specific shape and function

42
Q

Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is the ________ structure

A

Primary

43
Q

The regular patterns of coils and folds of a polypeptide chain is ________ structure

A

Secondary

44
Q

The overall 3 dimensional shape of a protein is the _________ structure

A

Tertiary

45
Q

Proteins with 2 or more polypeptides have ___________ structure

A

Quaternary

46
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

47
Q

3 components of a nucleotide are

A

Phosphate
5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base

48
Q

Genetic material; Codes for traits (proteins)

A

DNA

49
Q

Carrie’s transcript of gene; helps make proteins
(Assembling polypeptides according to instructions)

A

RNA

50
Q

Deoxyribose is attached to ________ group and __________ base

A

Phosphate… base

bio 149-100 (9 decks)

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