chapter 10 muscle tissues

Question 1

not all skeletal muscle cell are the same what are the 4 ways that they are diffrent?

Answer 1

1) size
2) speed of contraction
3) vary in amount of force they can be generated when contraction occurs
4) varying in endurance and how long they con contract till fatigued

Question 2

what are they fiber types of skeletal muscles ?

Answer 2

1) Type 1 fibers - they are smaller, slower speed of contraction, darker re color, great at aerobic metabolism (fatigued resistant), low force generation

2) type 2b fibers aka fast and glycolytic : big and fast contracting, pale white color , good at anaerobic metabolism as it takes them longer to generate atp, high force of generation

3) Type 2a fibers (intermediate ) - aka fast and oxidative cells: somewhere in between of properties for type 1 and type 2 b

Question 3

Muscle cell fiber differ how?

Answer 3

genetics, level physical activities - specialized training

Question 4

how many way can muscle cells be arranged in a whole muscle ?

Answer 4

parallel muscles - run in the same direction

convergent muscles - start randomly and all converge at the same tendon

circular muscles

Question 5

what is a pennate muscle fiber ? and how many are there?

Answer 5

the fibers attached to tendon ar an oblique angle like a feather

• bipennate muscle
• unipennate muscle
  -multipennate muscle

Question 6

is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary ?

Answer 6

involuntary

Question 7

what is the difference between cardiac and skeletal muscles ?

Answer 7

cardiac muscles dont have fascicles

Question 8

what is a intercalated disc in cardiac muscle ?

Answer 8

gap junctions - collection of gap junction which allow small items like ions charge particles to. move from the inside of one muscles cell through the pore into another cardiac muscle cell

• bc charged particles spread through the heart together helping contractions and support life

Question 9

what is the electrically interconnected way called in cardiac muscle?

Answer 9

intercalated disc

Question 10

what is the arrangement of smooth muscles ?

Question 11

why is smooth muscles not striated?

Answer 11

due to its spindle shaped

Question 12

what are smooth muscles thin filaments attached to ?

Answer 12

dense bodies - arrangement is random

Question 13

how are smooth muscles cells attached together?

Answer 13

they are connected to each other, as well as electrically connected like cardiac muscles cells which help small items move through one smooth muscle cell to the other

Question 14

what are the functional characteristics of smooth muscle cell contraction ?

Answer 14

contraction causes shorting and twisting of smooth muscle
smooth muscles contract slowly , smooth, sustained and resistant to fatigue
contraction is INVOLUNTARY controlled

Question 15

what are some properties of the muscle ?

Answer 15

Excitability - generate electrical and mechanical responses. reactive to stimuli from environment and nervous system

contractility - the cells actively shorten (contract) upon a stimuli which generate tension

extensibility - cells can lengthen (extend ) when they are pulled

elasticity - the muscles rebound or recoil to the resting length after they contract or extend

Question 16

what are the three types of muscles ?

Answer 16

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

Question 17

what type of muscle is long, cylindrical shaped, has multinucleate cells with obvious striations ?

Answer 17

skeletal mucles

Question 18

this muscle functions are voluntary control movement, locomotion, facial expressions, and manipulation of the environment

Answer 18

skeletal muscle

Question 19

where are skeletal muscles located?

Answer 19

attached to our bones or occasionally the skin

Question 20

this type of muscle is a branching type, striated, UNInucleate cells that interdigitate at junctions ( intercalated disc)

Answer 20

cardiac muscle

Question 21

what are the functions of a cardiac muscle? And where is the location?

Answer 21

contracts and pumps blood into the circulation this action is INVOLUNTARY

walls of ❤️

Question 22

where are the nucleus found in cardiac muscle cells? compare to skeletal muscle

Answer 22

found in the center compared to being located at the edge like skeletal muscles.

skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles are similar by the fact that they are both striated

Question 23

what type of muscle is spindled shaped with a central nucleus with NO striations. and cells within this muscle are arranged in forms of sheets

Answer 23

smooth muscle

Question 24

what is the function of smooth muscle ?

Answer 24

propels substance or objects like food stuff or pee or a baby along the internal passageways … it is involuntary control

Question 25

where are smooth muscles located?

Answer 25

around the wall of hollow organs

Question 26

what are the general functions of skeletal muscles

Answer 26

produce skeletal movement maintain posture and body position support soft tissues guard entrances and exists maintain body temp storage of organic molecules like glucose and amino acids

Question 27

what is a myofibril ?

Answer 27

Cylindrical bundle of myofilaments

Question 28

define myofilaments

Answer 28

what makes up the myofibril .. it is a ultramicroscopic threadlike structure thats made up of various protein molecules

Question 29

what gives skeletal muscles the striated look?

Answer 29

the alternating arrangement of the thin and thick myofilaments

Question 30

what is the main protein type for a THIN myofilaments?

Answer 30

ACTIN - held together at the end of the zline protein

Question 31

thin myofilaments contain ?

Answer 31

actin , tropomyosin protein , troponin protein

Question 32

what is the main protein type for thick myofilaments ?

Answer 32

MYOSIN - held together by the M line protein

Question 33

what is a sarcomere ?

Question 34

what is a perimysium ?

Answer 34

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

Question 35

skeletal muscle are surrounded by ?

Answer 35

epimysium which contains Muscle fascicles, surrounding those fascicles are a perimysium

Question 36

what does a muscle fascicle contain ?

Answer 36

muscle fibers

Question 37

function of endomysium ?

Answer 37

surrounds muscle cells

Question 38

muscle fibers are surrounded by the...

Answer 38

endomysium which contains myofibers

Question 39

the myofibril which is surrounded by the sarcoplasmic reticulum consists of what ?

Answer 39

sarcomeres - z line to z line

Question 40

the sarcomere contains what ?

Answer 40

thick and thin filaments

Question 41

not all skeletal muscles are the same , what are ways they can vary?

Answer 41

size, speed of contraction, amount of force that can be generated when contraction occurs, vary in endurance (how long it can withstand repeated contraction without fatigue

Question 42

what are the fiber types ?

Answer 42

type 1 type 2b type 2a

Question 43

what are type 1 fibers?

Answer 43

aka slow oxidative small , slower contracting , dark red color, good at aerobic metabolism (fatigue resistant ) , low force generation

Question 44

what are type 2b fibers ?

Answer 44

a type of muscle fiber that are known as fast and glycolytic big , fast contracting, pale white , good at ANAEROBIC metabolism, easily fatigued , high force of generation

Question 45

What are type 2a fibers aka "inbetween "

Answer 45

fast OXIDADTIVE , fast contracting but somewhat resistant , medium force generation

Question 46

what determine the types of fibers in a muscle ?

Answer 46

the purpose of the muscle, genetics, and activity/training