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Chapter 9 Articulation Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three selected articulation?

A

1) Spinal column
2) Shoulder
3) Knee

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2
Q

In the Grouping of articulation: Functional category

A

Synarthrosis( NO MOVEMENT), Amphiarthrosis (LITTLE MOVEMENT) , Diarthrosis (FREE MOVEMENT)

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3
Q

In the Grouping of articulation: Structural category for Synarthrosis (No movement)

A

Fibrous suture and gomphosis, cartilage and synchondrosis

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4
Q

In the Grouping of articulation: Amphiarthrosis (little movement)

A

Fibrous syndesmosis, cartilaginous, symphysis

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5
Q

In the Grouping of articulation: Diarthrosis (free movement)

A

Synovial , monaxial, biaxial, triaxial

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6
Q

what are the three ways motion can occur at an ARTICULATION level?

A
  • Linear motion: Sliding or gliding
  • Angular motion : angle of bones change with respect to each-other
  • Rotation : one bone can rotate against or within another
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7
Q

What type of articular movement slides across/against another, as well as back and forth and side to side motion?

A

Linear articulation

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8
Q

What type of articular movement typically occurs at plane type joints?

A

Linear motion

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9
Q

In Linear motion what are the 3 plane type joints ?

A

Inter-TARSAL joints
Inter-Carpal joints
Acromiclavicular joint

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10
Q

Articular movement: Angular Motions
Give definition and the motion types

A

The angle between articulating bones increases or decreases
- Abduction, adduction, horizontal abd/add
- Flexion
-extension (hyperextension)
- lateral flexion

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11
Q

Whats the definition of ABDuction ?

A

Lateral movement of a body part AWAY from the midline

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12
Q

Whats the definition of ADDuction?

A

Medial movement of a body part towards the midline

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13
Q

Articular movement: Rotational motion
Give definition and examples of movement types

A

A bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis
-Left , right
- Medial (internal), Lateral
- Supination
-pronation

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14
Q

Articular movement: Other motions

A

-Protraction , retractions
-Elevation, depression
-inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
-opposition (thumb to finger)

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15
Q

The vertebral column: What joint is between the bodies of the vertebrae?

A

Cartilaginous joint (symphysis)

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16
Q

The vertebral column: What is between the articular processes?

A

Gliding (synovial) - the opposing articular surfaces slide past e/o in almost every direction; the amount of movement is slight

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17
Q

The vertebral column: What is also known as the slip disc or ruptured disc?

A

Herniated disc

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18
Q

The vertebral column: what is the definition of a herniated disc?

A

Pulposus extruded from inside cartilage pad

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19
Q

The shoulder: What type of tissue is the shoulder?

A

Connective tissue

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20
Q

The shoulder: In the shoulder what is the role of the ligaments ?

A

Connect the scapula to the clavicle

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21
Q

The shoulder: What is between the humerus and the scapula ?

A

Joint capsule

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22
Q

The shoulder: what is the anterior part of joint capsule made from?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments

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23
Q

The shoulder: what is the role of the labrum ?

A

Surrounds the glenoid cavity

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24
Q

The shoulder: What are the muscles of the Rotator cuff?

A

SITS :
Supraspinatus
Intraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapulari

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25
The shoulder: What are the types of dislocations ?
Acromioclavicular Glenohumeral
26
The knee: What is a common injury of the knee?
Lateral impact
27
What are types of joint disorders?
Sprain Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthitis
28
Define a sprain
Overstretching or tearing of ligaments around a joint
29
define arthritis
Inflammation of joints
30
Osteoarthritis definition
Inflammation of a joint resulting from a breakdown of articular cartilage ( wear and tear arthritis )
31
Define rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammation of joint due to lack of synovial components by immune system
32
what kind of tissues are articulating bones joined together by?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue in the fibrous joints
33
Fibrous joints : What is a Gomphosis ?
Resembles a " peg in a socket" only articulation in the roots of people teeth with the sockets of the mandible and maxillae.
34
Fibrous joints: Define sutures
Fibrous joints that are immobile. Function: -jOINING BONES TOGETHER : Interlocking, usually on the irregular edges that both increase their strength and decrease the number of fracture at these articulation. - Allow the brain to grow as it increase in size in childhood
35
Fibrous joints: Define and describe the functions of Syndesmoses
Fibrous joints that are classified as amphiarthroses which articulating bones are jointed by long strands of dense regular connective tissues only . Function: Slight mobility and occurs within the radius and ulna as well as the tibia and fibula. shaft of the two articulating bones are joined together by interosseous membrane/ligament that provides a pivot point where the radius and ulna or tibia and fibula to move against one another
36
Fibrous joints: Define cartilaginous joints
Articulating bones that are joined by Cartilage.
37
What fibrous joint are attached to each other by cartilage ?
Cartilaginous joints
38
what are the two cartilaginous joints and their functions ?
1) Synchondroses (CONTAINS HYALINE CARTILAGE) - immobile joints that occur in an epiphyseal plate in a long bone and in the joint between a rib and the sternum 2)Symphyses ( CONTAINS FIBRO-CARTILAGE) - Amphiarthroses and occur in intervertebral and the pubic symphysis .
39
Fibrous joints: Synovial joints , define, give classification
Synovial joints are freely mobile articulation. classification : diarthroses
40
unlike cartilaginous joints the bones in the synovial joints are separated by?
joint cavity
41
Each synovial joint is composed of what double layered capsule?
Articular capsule
42
the fibrous layer of the synovial membrane has what function?
Strengthens the joint and prevent the bones from being pulled apart.
43
what is the synovial membrane composed of primarily ?
Areolar connective tissue: tissue that contains multiple proteins like collagen, reticular, and elastic. As well as different types of cells like adipocytes and blood cells.
44
All articulating bone surfaces in synovial joints are covered by a thin layer of what type of cartilage ?
Hyaline cartilage aka articular cartilage
45
fibrous joints: articular cartilage function
Function: reduce friction, spongy cushion that absorbs compression, prevents damage to ends of bones
46
define ligaments
composed of dense regular tissue that connects one bone to another bone and strengthens and reinforce most synovial joints
47
define bursa
fibrous saclike structure that contains synovial fluid and is lined by a synovial membrane. function is to releve friction
48
what is a tendon sheath ?
it wraps around tendons where there is excessive friction, places with friction could be like the wrist and ankles .
49
what is a fat pad ?
packing material that provide protection for the joint .
50
define tendon
- attached to the muscle, made of dense regular tissue, helps stabilize joints - moves the bone to which it is attached to
51
what is a plane joint ?
-the simplest synovial joint -considered uniaxial joint because it only moves side to side
52
What are hinge joints?
- Uniaxial joints in which the convex surface of an articulating bone fits into a concave depression of another bone in the joint - ex is elbow joint
53
what is a pivot joint?
uniaxial joint which one articulating bone with a rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone - ex. proximal radioulnar joint where the rounded head of the radius pivots along the ulna and permits the radius to rotate.
54
what is a Condylar joint ?
Biaxial joint with an oval convex surface on one bone that articulates with a concave articular surface on the second bone. - can move back and forth or side to side, ex is metacarpals
55
What is a saddle joint ?
resembles shape of saddle, the saddle joint allows for greater range of movement then a condylar or hinge joint.
56
What is a ball and socket joint ?
Most freely mobile type of synovial joint multi axial joints which the spherical articulating head of one bone fits into the rounded cuplike socket of a second bone. - ex, hip joints and the glenohumeral joint the nature of the multi axial joint permits movement in three axes
57
What are the three ways motion can occur at an articulation
- linear - sliding or gliding -angular- angle of bones change with respect to each other -rotation - one bone can rotate against or within another
58
What articular movement slides across / against another , and could also go back and forth and side to side?
Linear motion
59
for an articular movement the linear motion is found where?
Plane type joints -inter-tarsal joints inter-carpal joints acromioclavicular joint
60
what are retinacular fibers function and what bone does it support?
supports the femur and the fibers provide additional stability to the articular capsule around the neck of the femur
61
what injury occurs when there is a force abducted at the knee such as when a person knee is hit on the lateral side ?
tibial collateral ligament injury
62
what is the unhappy triad ?
refers to multiple injuries of the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament common in football players
63
what is arthritis ?
the inflammation of a joint
64
what are the types of arthritis ?
Gouty arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis
65
what is Gouty arthritis ?
commonly found in males, middle aged and older ppl, cause increase uric acid to form crystal in blood; synovial fluid and synovial membranes. eventually cause fusion between articular surface of bones
66
what is osteoarthritis ?
Occurs in older individuals and is prevelent to weight bearing bones (spine, hip, knee) . articular cartilage breaks down first . movement of joints become stiff and painful
67
what is rheumatoid arthritis ?
seen in younger and middle aged ppl. Starts in the synovial membrane and cause the membrane to eventually thicken to where it becomes eroded. scar tissue from the eroded bone ends will fuse together aka anklyosis
68
define sprain
overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
69
70
how do we classify bones?
Structural and functional classification
71
what is structural classification?
what material binds those bones together ex. fibrous tissue or cartilage.
72
what is functional classficiation?
how much the joint moves
73
define Amphiarthroses
partly moving joints like pubic symphysis
74
define diarthroses
fully moving joints like knee and elbow
75
what are the 6 synovial joints?
plane, hinge, condylar, pivot, ball and socket, and saddle joint

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