Chapter 10(muscular And Skeletal Systems)

Question 1

What is the basic unit of muscles?

Answer 1

Myofibril

Question 2

Each thick myofilament contains

Answer 2

several hundred molecules of the protein myosin

Question 3

Thin filaments contain

Answer 3

two strands of the protein actin

Question 4

The myofibrils are composed of

Answer 4

regularly arranged myofilaments of two types, thick and thin.

Question 5

The energy for muscular motion is generated by

Answer 5

densely packed mitochondria that surround the myofibrils.

Question 6

Muscles can be divided into three main groups according to their structure, namely:

Answer 6

Smooth muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle tissue.
Cardiac (heart) muscle tissue.

Question 7

The smooth muscle tissues are made up

Answer 7

Thin, elongated, and spindle-shaped with pointed ends cells

Question 8

The nucleus of the smooth muscle tissue is:

Answer 8

Single, large, and oval-shaped nucleus per cell

Question 9

Smooth muscular tissue posses specialized cytoplasm called

Answer 9

sarcoplasm

Question 10

Smooth muscular tissue are surrounded by a thin cell membrane called the

Answer 10

sarcolemma.

Question 11

Why are the called smooth muscle

Answer 11

They are not arranged in a definite striped (striated) pattern, as in skeletal
muscles

Question 12

____ muscle is not controlled by the brain

Answer 12

Smooth muscles

Question 13

Where are smooth muscles located?

Answer 13

They layers in the walls of various hollow organs and blood vessels.

Question 14

Functions of Smooth Muscle Tissue

Answer 14

1. peristalsis is used for slow, involuntary movement to aid digestion
2. controls blood pressure and flow by adjusting the diameter of the vessels.

Question 15

What is the most abundant tissue in the vertebrate body?

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle

Question 16

Why is it called skeletal muscles?

Answer 16

These muscles are attached to and bring about the movement of the various bones of the skeleton

Question 17

Skeletal muscles are enclosed in a connective tissue sheath called

Answer 17

epimysium.

Question 18

Smaller bundles of muscle fibers within the muscle are called?

Answer 18

Fasciculi

Question 19

What is are muscle fibers

Answer 19

These are elongated , cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei (syncytium).

Question 20

muscle fibre is made up of many smaller units, called?

Answer 20

the myofibrils

Question 21

What are Actin filaments:

Answer 21

These filaments are Thinner, make up the light bands (I-bands)

Question 22

What are Myosin filaments?

Answer 22

These filament are Thicker, make up the dark band (A-band).

Question 23

What is a Sarcomere?

Answer 23

This is the Basic unit of contraction, composed of actin and myosin filaments arranged in a specific pattern.

Question 24

Each myofibril consists of small protein filaments, known as

Answer 24

actin and myosin filaments.

Question 25

What happens during cell contraction?

Answer 25

Sliding of actin filaments into the spaces between myosin filaments within sarcomeres.

Question 26

Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Answer 26

1. bring about the co-ordinated movements 2. breathing process.

Question 27

_____ is a unique tissue found only in the walls of the heart.

Answer 27

Cardiac muscle

Question 28

What are the characteristics of a cardiac muscle ?

Answer 28

Shorter fibers, less distinct striations, thinner sarcolemma, single central nucleus per fiber, interconnected by "muscle bridges".

Question 29

Characteristics of Skeletal muscle:

Answer 29

Longer fibers, prominent striations, thicker sarcolemma, multiple nuclei distributed throughout the fiber.

Question 30

What are the characteristics of a Smooth muscle?

Answer 30

No striations, single nucleus, elongated spindle-shaped cells.

Question 31

_____ muscle have numerous nucleus per cell

Answer 31

Cardiac and skeletal muscles

Question 32

What are the Functions of Cardiac (Heart) Muscle Tissue

Answer 32

1. Responsible for the heartbeat 2. Propels blood

Question 33

Which type of muscle posses muscle bridge

Answer 33

Cardiac muscle

Question 34

What is an hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 34

Fluid-filled cavities, providing internal pressure for movement and shape support (e.g., sea anemone, worms).

Question 35

movement is a result of

Answer 35

contraction of muscles.

Question 36

The sea anemone has one set of longitudinal muscles in the ____of the body, and a layer of circular muscles in ____ of the body.

Answer 36

1. The outer layer 2. The inner layer

Question 37

What are Exoskeletons?

Answer 37

These are hard segments that cover the muscles and visceral organs.

Question 38

Muscles for movement are attach to what part of the exoskeleton?

Answer 38

inner surface of the exoskeleton.

Question 39

What skeleton restrict the growth of the animal?

Answer 39

Exoskeletons

Question 40

cartilage and bone are types of what tissues?

Answer 40

Connective tissues

Question 41

Function of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 41

1. allowing the animal to move to more favourable external conditions. 2. helps regulate blood calcium levels, serve as a calcium sink. 3. Generating internal heat

Question 42

bones fused together with some "soft spots" in infants that close by.

Answer 42

14-20 months

Question 43

The Vertebral Column is Made up of

Answer 43

33 vertebrae separated by flexible cartilage disks that can deteriorate with age and cause back pain.

Question 44

sternum and ribs (except the lowest pair) with cartilage for?

Answer 44

flexibility during breathing.

Question 45

What are Immovable Joints?

Answer 45

Bones are tightly interlocked with no movement possible

Question 46

Function of immovable joints

Answer 46

Provides strong structural support and protects vital organs.

Question 47

What are Partly Movable Joints?

Answer 47

Allow some limited movement due to cartilage between bones.

Question 48

Function of partly moveable joints

Answer 48

for spinal movement

Question 49

Synovial Joints:

Answer 49

Most common type, offer the greatest degree of flexibility with smooth, lubricated surfaces

Question 50

Function of Cartilage caps:

Answer 50

Protect bone ends at the joint.

Question 51

Function of Synovial fluid:

Answer 51

Lubricates the joint, reducing friction and wear.

Question 52

Function of Ligaments:

Answer 52

Strengthen and stabilize the joint.

Question 53

Function of Tendons:

Answer 53

Connect muscles to bones for movement.

Question 54

Function of Bursae:

Answer 54

Fluid-filled sacs reducing friction between bones and surrounding tissues.

Question 55

Function of synovial joint

Answer 55

Enables wide range of motion for various activities like walking, running, and manipulating objects.

Question 56

The knee joint contains how many joints)

Answer 56

13 bursae