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AEB 122 > Chapter 11(neevous System ) > Flashcards

Chapter 11(neevous System ) Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves is made up of;

A

Bundles of many nerve fibers (neurons) encased in connective tissue layers.

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2
Q

What is the Epineurium layer of the nerve?

A

Outermost thick sheath enclosing the nerve.

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3
Q

Blood vessels of various sizes can be seen in the _____ of the nerve

A

epineurium.

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4
Q

The nervous system is divided into ?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord, processing information and sending commands.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves outside the CNS connecting the CNS to organs and muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion, with centers inside and outside the CNS.

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5
Q

What is the Perineurium layer of the nerve?

A

Surrounds bundles of nerve fibers within the epineurium.

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6
Q

What is the Endoneurium layer of the nerve?

A

Thin layer surrounding individual nerve fibers.

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7
Q

What is the Endoneurium layer of the nerve?

A

Thin layer surrounding individual nerve fibers.

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8
Q

The nervous system is divided into

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
  3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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9
Q

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Brain and spinal cord, processing information and sending commands.

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10
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

Nerves outside the CNS connecting the CNS to organs and muscles.

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11
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

A

Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion, with centers inside and outside the CNS.

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
  2. Motor (Efferent) Neurons
  3. Interneurons (Connector/Association Neurons)
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13
Q

Function of the Sensory (Afferent) Neurons:

A

Carry information from sensory organs (eyes, ears, skin, etc.) towards the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

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14
Q

Function of the Motor (Efferent) Neurons:

A

Carry information from the central nervous system outwards to muscles and glands, triggering responses.

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15
Q

Function of the Interneurons (Connector/Association Neurons):

A

Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the central nervous system, allowing for more complex processing and integration of information.

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16
Q

What is a cell body(soma)

A

this large, grey structure contains the nucleus and other essential organelles of the neuron.

17
Q

What are the Dendrites: of the motor cells ?

A

Many short, branching processes extending from the cell body. They receive incoming signals from other neurons.

18
Q

What are the Axon of the motor cells ?

A

A single, long, and thin process originating from the cell body. It carries outgoing signals to other neurons or muscles.

19
Q

Motor neurons receive information from other neurons through _____

A

their numerous dendrites.

20
Q

The motor neurone integrate and process information in the ____

A

cell body.

21
Q

The motor neurone generate an outgoing signal that travels down the
_____

A

axon.

22
Q

The point where the axon meets the muscle in a motor neurone is called the.

A

motor endplate

23
Q

________ is responsible for protein synthesis, crucial for neuron function.

A

Nissl bodies

24
Q

______ extend from dendrites into the axon, providing structural support and aiding in signal transmission.

A

Neurofibrils

25
Q

_______ is a fatty layer that insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulse transmission.

A

myelin sheath

26
Q

The myelin sheath is not continuous but interrupted by gaps called______

A
  1. nodes of Ranvier.
27
Q

What provides further support and protection to the axon?

A

neurilemma, also known as the sheath of Schwann cells

28
Q

Function of Nodes of Ranvier

A

play a crucial role in saltatory conduction, a faster way of transmitting nerve impulses along the axon.

29
Q

Nerve cells are functionally connected to each other at a junction known as, _____

A

a
synapse

30
Q

What is a synapse?

A

This is a region where the terminal branches of an axon and the dendrites of another neuron lie in close proximity to each other but never make direct contact.

31
Q

Classification of the neurons based on structure

A
  1. Unipolar Neurons.
  2. Multipolar Neurons.
  3. Bipolar Neurons.
32
Q

What is a Unipolar neurons

A

Sensory neurons have only a single
process or fibre which divides close to the cell body into two main branches (axon and dendrite).

33
Q

Unipolar Neurons are found in

A

sensory neurone of the spinal reflex arc

34
Q

What is a Multipolar Neurons?

A

Motor neurons, which have numerous cell processes (an axon and many dendrites)

35
Q

What is a Bipolar neurons ?

A

They are spindle-shaped, with a dendrite at one end and an axon at the other.

36
Q

Functions of the Nervous System:

A
  1. Sensing Stimuli
  2. Processing and Integration stimuli
  3. Generating Responses

AEB 122 (13 decks)

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