Chapter 11(neevous System )

Question 1

Nerves is made up of;

Answer 1

Bundles of many nerve fibers (neurons) encased in connective tissue layers.

Question 2

What is the Epineurium layer of the nerve?

Answer 2

Outermost thick sheath enclosing the nerve.

Question 3

Blood vessels of various sizes can be seen in the _____ of the nerve

Answer 3

epineurium.

Question 4

The nervous system is divided into ?

Answer 4

Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord, processing information and sending commands.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves outside the CNS connecting the CNS to organs and muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion, with centers inside and outside the CNS.

Question 5

What is the Perineurium layer of the nerve?

Answer 5

Surrounds bundles of nerve fibers within the epineurium.

Question 6

What is the Endoneurium layer of the nerve?

Answer 6

Thin layer surrounding individual nerve fibers.

Question 7

What is the Endoneurium layer of the nerve?

Answer 7

Thin layer surrounding individual nerve fibers.

Question 8

The nervous system is divided into

Answer 8

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 9

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Answer 9

Brain and spinal cord, processing information and sending commands.

Question 10

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 10

Nerves outside the CNS connecting the CNS to organs and muscles.

Question 11

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

Answer 11

Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion, with centers inside and outside the CNS.

Question 12

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 12

1. Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
2. Motor (Efferent) Neurons
3. Interneurons (Connector/Association Neurons)

Question 13

Function of the Sensory (Afferent) Neurons:

Answer 13

Carry information from sensory organs (eyes, ears, skin, etc.) towards the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

Question 14

Function of the Motor (Efferent) Neurons:

Answer 14

Carry information from the central nervous system outwards to muscles and glands, triggering responses.

Question 15

Function of the Interneurons (Connector/Association Neurons):

Answer 15

Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the central nervous system, allowing for more complex processing and integration of information.

Question 16

What is a cell body(soma)

Answer 16

this large, grey structure contains the nucleus and other essential organelles of the neuron.

Question 17

What are the Dendrites: of the motor cells ?

Answer 17

Many short, branching processes extending from the cell body. They receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Question 18

What are the Axon of the motor cells ?

Answer 18

A single, long, and thin process originating from the cell body. It carries outgoing signals to other neurons or muscles.

Question 19

Motor neurons receive information from other neurons through _____

Answer 19

their numerous dendrites.

Question 20

The motor neurone integrate and process information in the ____

Answer 20

cell body.

Question 21

The motor neurone generate an outgoing signal that travels down the
_____

Answer 21

axon.

Question 22

The point where the axon meets the muscle in a motor neurone is called the.

Answer 22

motor endplate

Question 23

________ is responsible for protein synthesis, crucial for neuron function.

Answer 23

Nissl bodies

Question 24

______ extend from dendrites into the axon, providing structural support and aiding in signal transmission.

Answer 24

Neurofibrils

Question 25

_______ is a fatty layer that insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulse transmission.

Answer 25

myelin sheath

Question 26

The myelin sheath is not continuous but interrupted by gaps called______

Answer 26

1. nodes of Ranvier.

Question 27

What provides further support and protection to the axon?

Answer 27

neurilemma, also known as the sheath of Schwann cells

Question 28

Function of Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 28

play a crucial role in saltatory conduction, a faster way of transmitting nerve impulses along the axon.

Question 29

Nerve cells are functionally connected to each other at a junction known as, _____

Answer 29

a synapse

Question 30

What is a synapse?

Answer 30

This is a region where the terminal branches of an axon and the dendrites of another neuron lie in close proximity to each other but never make direct contact.

Question 31

Classification of the neurons based on structure

Answer 31

1. Unipolar Neurons. 2. Multipolar Neurons. 3. Bipolar Neurons.

Question 32

What is a Unipolar neurons

Answer 32

Sensory neurons have only a single process or fibre which divides close to the cell body into two main branches (axon and dendrite).

Question 33

Unipolar Neurons are found in

Answer 33

sensory neurone of the spinal reflex arc

Question 34

What is a Multipolar Neurons?

Answer 34

Motor neurons, which have numerous cell processes (an axon and many dendrites)

Question 35

What is a Bipolar neurons ?

Answer 35

They are spindle-shaped, with a dendrite at one end and an axon at the other.

Question 36

Functions of the Nervous System:

Answer 36

1. Sensing Stimuli 2. Processing and Integration stimuli 3. Generating Responses