Chapter 10- Part I

Question 1

What is the MOST COMMON cause of death in the US?

a. heart disease
b. cancer
c. respiratory disease
d. stroke

Answer 1

heart disease

Question 2

1. Contractile (pump) failure
2. Obstruction of flow
3. Regurgitant flow
4. Shunted flow
5. Dysfunctional cardiac conduction
6. Ruptured vessels/wall

These are mechanisms of __________ disease

Answer 2

heart disease

Question 3

Wich of the following is the MOST COMMON type of heart disease? Also known as CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

1. Contractile (pump) failure
2. Obstruction of flow
3. Regurgitant flow
4. Shunted flow
5. Dysfunctional cardiac conduction
6. Ruptured vessels/wall

Answer 3

contractile/pump failure

Question 4

Where is the MOST COMMON location for OBSTRUCTION OF FLOW/Stenotic valve?

a. mitral valve
b. aortic valve
c. pulmonic valve

Answer 4

aortic valve

Question 5

Where is the MOST COMMON location for REGURGITANT FLOW/Incompetent valve?

a. mitral valve
b. aortic valve
c. pulmonic valve

Answer 5

mitral valve

Question 6

Ventricular septal defect is the MC cause of _______

1. Contractile (pump) failure
2. Obstruction of flow
3. Regurgitant flow
4. Shunted flow
5. Dysfunctional cardiac conduction
6. Ruptured vessels/wall

Answer 6

shunted flow

Question 7

What is known as the “common end point” for many cardiac pathologies?

Answer 7

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 8

A “pitting edema” is strongly associated with __________

Answer 8

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 9

Which is the most common result of CHF when tissue demands (supply to the tissue) cannot be met?

a. decrease in cardiac output
b. increase in tissue demands

Answer 9

decrease in cardiac output

Question 10

1. Systolic dysfunction
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Valvular dysfunction

Are all causes of _________ CARDIAC OUTPUT (CHF)

Answer 10

decreased

Question 11

Which of the following causes of decreased cardiac output (CHF) is associated with WEAK CONTRACTION (loss of myocardial contractivity) and puts the person at risk for CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?

1. Systolic dysfunction
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Valvular dysfunction

Answer 11

systolic dysfunction

Question 12

Which of the following causes of decreased cardiac output (CHF) is associated with FAILURE OF RELAXATION/FILLING and is most commonly associated with FEMALES?

1. Systolic dysfunction
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Valvular dysfunction

Answer 12

diastolic dysfunction

Question 13

With of the following causes of decreased cardiac output (CHF) is associated with valvular stenosis, endocarditis and HYPERTENSION?

1. Systolic dysfunction
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Valvular dysfunction

Answer 13

valvular dysfunction

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with INSUFFICIENT OUTPUT/HYPOXIA in CHF?

a. forward failure
b. backward failure

Answer 14

forward failure

Question 15

Which of the following is associated with VENOUS CONGESTION which leads to INCREASED VENOUS VOLUME/PRESSURE in CHF?

a. forward failure
b. backward failure

Answer 15

backward failure

Question 16

FORWARD failure is almost ALWAYS combined with BACKWARD failure and affects ___________ organ

Answer 16

(virtually) every

Question 17

Heart failure STIMULATES ____________

Answer 17

myocardial adaptations

Question 18

___________ in the area of the ANKLES is a big indicator of CHF

Answer 18

transudate

Question 19

Which of the following adaptations to CHF is associated with INCREASED VENTRICULAR STRETCH and STRONGER CONTRACTION of the heart muscles?

a. frank-starling mechanism
b. neurohumoral mechanism
c. cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 19

frank-starling mechanism

Question 20

Which of the following adaptations to CHF is associated with NOREPINEPHRINE and ATRIAL NATURETIC PEPTIDE release?

a. frank-starling mechanism
b. neurohumoral mechanism
c. cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 20

neurohumoral mechanism

Question 21

Which of the following, associated with the NEUROHUMORAL MECHANISM is associated with increased heart rate/contractility and the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN system?

a. norepinephrine
b. ANP

Answer 21

norepinephrine

Question 22

Which of the following, associated with the NEUROHUMORAL MECHANISM is associated with VASODILATION?

a. norepinephrine
b. ANP

Answer 22

ANP (atrial naturetic peptide)

balances norepinephrine

Question 23

Which of the following adaptations to CHF is associated with OVERLOAD and increased O2 consumption?

a. frank-starling mechanism
b. neurohumoral mechanism
c. cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 23

cardiac hypertrophy

Question 24

____________ (pathological) is an attempt to overcome increased pressure

a. concentric hypertrophy
b. physiologic hypertrophy

Answer 24

concentric hypertrophy

Question 25

CONCENTRIC HYPERTROPHY (pathological) leads to an enlarged heart, usually in the ______________ a. right ventricle b. left ventricle c. right atria d. left atria

Answer 25

left ventricle

Question 26

___________ (physiological) leads to increased chamber size, muscle mass/wall thickness and is proportional a. concentric hypertrophy b. physiologic hypertrophy

Answer 26

physiologic hypertrophy