Chapter 10: The Byzantine Empire and Russia

Question 1

When was the Roman Empire Divided?

Answer 1

395 AD

Question 2

What was the eastern half of the Roman Empire known as?

Answer 2

The Byzantine Empire

Question 3

What made up the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 3

Most of the Balkan Peninsula, Syria, Asia Minor, and Egypt over through Carthage and up through Italy and Spain

Question 4

What was the capital of Rome under Constantine?

Answer 4

Constantinople

Question 5

What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 5

Constantinople

Question 6

Why was Constantinople a strategic city? (Four Reasons)

Answer 6

• Protected the Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire
• Was distant from Germanic invasion in the Western Empire
• Was a crossroad of trade (Bosphorus Strait)
• It fortified the peninsula bordering a natural harbor

Question 7

What was Constantinople named after?

Answer 7

The Roman emperor Constantine

Question 8

What was Constantinople originally called?

Answer 8

Byzantium

Question 9

What was known as the “New Rome”?

Answer 9

Constantinople

Question 10

What language did the Byzantines speak?

Answer 10

Greek

Question 11

What was the religion of Byzantines?

Answer 11

Eastern Orthodoxy, as opposed to Catholicism

Question 12

Who conquered the byzantine empire in 1453 AD?

Answer 12

The Ottoman Turks

Question 13

What was the role of Constantinople?

Answer 13

It preserved Greek and Roman cultures.

Question 14

How many years did Constantinople go without foreign invasion?

Answer 14

1058

Question 15

Who was Justinian?

Answer 15

The greatest ruler of the Byzantine empire. He was a son of peasants, but his emphasis on education earned him an invasions to court. He became emperor in 527 AD, and is known as the emperor who never sleeps.

Question 16

What are the 3 significant accomplishments of Justinian?

Answer 16

• he expanded trade, improving wealth of Byzantines
• reconquered former roman territories from the Germanic tribes
• codified (classified) roman laws

Question 17

Who was Justinian’s wife?

Answer 17

Theodora

Question 18

What did Theodora originally do?

Answer 18

She was an actor.

Question 19

How did Theodora affect Justinian’s rule?

Answer 19

She suggested laws that were passes, including the right to own land equal value of what you brought into the marriage, and she convinced him to stay and fight when he was faced with nika rebellion.

Question 20

Who was the general of the Byzantine troops?

Answer 20

Belisarius

Question 21

Who wanted to recreate the fallen Roman empire?

Answer 21

Justinian

Question 22

Between 333- 335 ____ and _____ defeated the Ostrogoth in _____, vandals in ____ _____, and the Visigoths in _____

Answer 22

Justinian, Belisarius, Italy, north america, spain

Question 23

What was the cost of conquering the territory?

Answer 23

Exhaust of most of Byzantines treasury and resources

Question 24

What is the Code of Justinian?

Answer 24

It was important because Justinian wad the first ruler to acknowledge that people should be ruled by laws, not just the decisions of their rulers.

Question 25

What inspired Byzantine arts?

Answer 25

Christianity and imperial power

Question 26

Who ordered the construction of new roads and fortresses?

Answer 26

Justinian

Question 27

What is the Hagia Sophia?

Answer 27

The largest and most beautiful church of the Byzantine empire

Question 28

What religion was the Hagia Sophia?

Answer 28

It was an orthodox church, but is now a Muslim mosque.

Question 29

What are laity?

Answer 29

Church members

Question 30

What were clergy?

Answer 30

Church officials

Question 31

What was the dispute in 700 AD over?

Answer 31

The use of icons

Question 32

What were the 2 sides of the icon disputes?

Answer 32

iconoclasts- against icons, saying ten commandments prohibited images of God iconophiles- for icons, said that they where symbols of God's presence

Question 33

What was the most serious controversy of eastern and western churches?

Answer 33

Source of Religious Authority

Question 34

What is a schism?

Answer 34

A seperation

Question 35

When did the schism of the churches occur?

Answer 35

1054 AD

Question 36

What was the Eastern Church?

Answer 36

Orthodox

Question 37

What was the western church?

Answer 37

Roman Catholic

Question 38

Where was the Eastern Church centered?

Answer 38

Constantinople

Question 39

Did the Eastern church recognize the Pope?

Answer 39

NO!

Question 40

Where was the Western Church centered?

Answer 40

Rome

Question 41

What language did the Western Church use?

Answer 41

Latin

Question 42

What was the Golden Horn?

Answer 42

Constantinople

Question 43

Why was Constantinople called the Golden Horn?

Answer 43

Because of it's wealth and prosperity

Question 44

What were some tradings of Constantinople?

Answer 44

- Silk, Metal, and Spices from Asia - Slaves from North America - Fur and agricultural goods from Europe

Question 45

What is Constantinople currently called, and who changed the name?

Answer 45

Istanbul, Muslim

Question 46

What are the two main characteristics of Byzantine arts?

Answer 46

pointy feet and almond shaped eyes

Question 47

What is an icon?

Answer 47

Images reflecting religious subjects

Question 48

What are mosaics?

Answer 48

Pictures made up of colored glass or flat stone set in plaster

Question 49

What are Illuminated Manuscripts?

Answer 49

these books were decorated with elaborate design, fancy letters, and miniature paintings created by Monks

Question 50

What's a Monastery?

Answer 50

a religious community for Monks/ nuns to live in seclusion

Question 51

What are Monks?

Answer 51

the inhabitants of the monasteries who sought to live apart from temptations of the world.

Question 52

Who are Crylic and Methodius?

Answer 52

brothers who were very successful missionaries who reasoned the Christianity would be more appealing to the Salvic people

Question 53

What caused the fall of Constantinople?

Answer 53

The Byzantine Empire was severely weakened after these prolonged wars. By the 1300s, all Byzantine territory except for the city of constantinople had fallen to the Ottoman Turks, and in 1453 AD they besieged Constantinople and afleter the emperors death, the Empire fell.

Question 54

What city became the Orthodox Church after the Fall of Constantinople

Answer 54

The city of Moscow, Russia

Question 55

who were the 1st people to settle in Eastern Europe?

Answer 55

The slavs

Question 56

Where did the Slave live and get their culture?

Answer 56

- On the steppe of eastern Europe - Between the Carpathian mountains in Europe and the Ural mountains at the western edge of Asia - Based of Byzantine religion, law, and culture

Question 57

What is a Steppe?

Answer 57

A large, grassy plain that is mostly treeless

Question 58

Where do we get the name “Russia”?

Answer 58

The viking leader Rurik called the region under his control the Rus

Question 59

What Goods Were Traded Between Russia And The Byzantines?

Answer 59

- Wood, Iron, Salt, Furs, Honey, and Slaves to the Byzantines - Russia received wine, silk, spices and fruit.

Question 60

What was the government of Russia?

Answer 60

The local governments were ruled by the princes wit advice of the council of Boyars (landed nobles and wealthy merchants)

Question 61

What was Vladimir and the Legend of Christianity?

Answer 61

- According to legend, Vladimir sent observers to examine Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Islam - In awe if Constantinople’s Byzantine Orthodox service, the agents reported back to the prince and Vladimir ordered is people christened immediately, using force if necessary, and adopted Orthodox Christianity.

Question 62

Who was Yaroslav

Answer 62

He was Vladimir’s son and he became grand Prince in 1019. He ruled during a Golden Age. He established libraries and promoted learning He organized Pravda Russia (the Kievan legal system) based on Justinian's Code.

Question 63

What was the climate like on the tiga?

Answer 63

It has cold long winters, and short growing seasons

Question 64

What is the Mongol rule?

Answer 64

- The Mongols defeated the armies of the Russian princes and conquered most of the country - After conquering the countryside, the Mongols taxed the people instead of imposing their own culture

Question 65

What was the Impact of the Mongol rule?

Answer 65

Mongol rule isolated most of the Eastern Slaves from European civilization for ~200 years.

Question 66

What is the battle of Kulikovo?

Answer 66

Moscow defeated the Mongols in 1830

Question 67

What ended the "Golden Yolk" of the Mongols?

Answer 67

In 1840, Ivan the Great (Ivan III) refused to pay the Mongols

Question 68

What is the Kremlin?

Answer 68

Center of government and culture in Russia

Question 69

What was called the "Third Rome"?

Answer 69

Moscow

Question 70

Who became the protector of the Eastern Orthodox Church?

Answer 70

Ivan III

Question 71

What were the three accomplishments of Ivan IV? (Ivan the terrible)

Answer 71

- Developed a more modernized legal code for Russia - Reopened trade with Western Europe - Expanded boundaries of Russia to include old Kievan Russia and Siberia

Question 72

How old was Ivan IV (Ivan the terrible) when he inherited the thrown?

Answer 72

3, but he wasn't crowned Czar at 16

Question 73

Why was Ivan the terrible so terrible?

Answer 73

He ordered many citizens to be killed