Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are emotions

A
  • mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

emotions include

A

physiological reactions, behaviour, and mental experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Discrete emotions theory

A
  • humans only experience a small set of primary emotions that are rooted in biology
  • emotions are adapted; shaped through elevation
  • argues emotion precedes thought
  • each emotion is associated with a distinct motor program
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

emotions in animals

A

have an uncanny resemblance to human emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when do babies start to smile when they see a firmilar face

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when do babies smile when they learn something new

A

3 mounths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

newborn babies smile during ______ sleep

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Emotions are _______

A

universal
- research shows that people can recognize and generate the same emotional expressions across cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what study proves that universal emotions could be due to globalization

A

Ekman faces (1971)
- studied isolated tribe; they displayed the 7 primary emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary emotions

A

those that are culturally universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many primary emotions are there

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 7 primary emotions

A
  • happiness
  • disgust
  • fear
  • sadness
  • surprise
  • contempt
  • anger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the 8th debated primary emotions

A

pride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secondary emotions

A

are those that are a mixture of primary emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

can secondary emotions differ across cultures

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some examples of secondary emotions

A
  • hatred
  • alarm
    -glee
    -jealously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hatred is a combination of what primary emotions

A

disgust + anger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

alarm is a combination of what primary emotions

A

fear+ suprise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glee is a combination of what primary emotiosn

A

happiness + sadness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

jealousy is a combination of what primary emotions

A

anger + sadness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

of the primary emotions what concept highlights cultural differences, or societal guidelines for how and when to display emotions

A

display rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

display rules

A
  • cultural differences, or guidelines for how and when to display emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

display rules was studied by

A

Friesen (1972)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are th cognitive theories

A
  • James Lange
  • Somatic Marker
  • Cannon Bard
  • Two factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

real smile =

A

deucem smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fake smile

A

panam smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

James Lange Theory

A

emotions result from our INTERPRETATIONS of our bodily reactions to stimuli
- afraid because we are running away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cognitive theories believe

A

that emotions are a product of thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cannon Bard Theory

A

are emotions provoking event leads SIMULTANEOUSLY to an emotion and bodily reactions
- run away and feel fear at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Somatic Marker Theory

A
  • uses our “GUT REACTIONS” to gauge how we should act
  • occurs automatically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Two factor theory

A

emotions are produced by undifferential arousal (alertness), with an ATTRIBUTION of that arousal
- emotions are the explanation we make of our arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

discrete emotion theory is porbably correct in that

A

emotions are shaped through evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cognitive theory is probably correct in the idea that

A

thinking influences our emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

two factor theory. is probably correct in the idea that

A
  • physiological arousal plays a key role in the intensity of our emotional reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Subliminal exposure

A

Exposures below the level of awareness
- to positive or negative cues influence mood

36
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

repeated exposure to a stimulus make us more likely to feel positivity towards it

37
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

you are more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial expressions

38
Q

facial feedback hypothesis could be due to

A

classical conditioning

39
Q

large amounts of emotional expression is

A

non verbal

40
Q

examples of nonverbal expressions of emotions

A

facial expressions, gestures, posture

41
Q

nonverbal leakage

A

gives away a persons emotions, even when trying to hide it

42
Q

what are the 3 main types of gestures

A
  • illustrators
  • manipulators
  • emblems
43
Q

illustrators

A

gestures that highlight speech

44
Q

manipulators

A

gestures where the body part touches another part of the body
(ie. crossed arms)

45
Q

emblems

A

gestures that convey conventional meanings recognized by a culture (ie. nodding yes)

46
Q

Proxemics

A

the stude of personal space

47
Q

what are the 4 levels of distance

A
  • public
  • social
  • personal
  • intimate
48
Q

what is the typical distance for public

A

12 ft or more

49
Q

what is the typical distance for social

A

4-12 ft

50
Q

what is the typical distance for personal

A

1.5-4 ft

51
Q

what is the typical distance for intimate

A

0-1.5 ft

52
Q

are humans good at telling when each other are lying

A

no
- approx. only 55% accurate

53
Q

what are cues to tell when someone is lying

A
  • illustrators decrease
  • emblems, and manipulators increase
54
Q

what is the best way to tell if someone is lying

A

listen to WHAT they say; not how they say it

55
Q

How do polygraph test work?

A
  • modern polygraph test measure autonomic activity
  • labels arousal as guilty
56
Q

Pinocchio response

A

a perfect physiological or behavioral indicators of lying

57
Q

is the polygraph test accurate

A
  • very high false positives
  • incorrectly labels innocent individuals as guilty at a high rate (.40%)
58
Q

Guilty Knowledge Tests (GKT)

A
  • test for concealed knowledge of items from the crime scene when using questionnaires and physiological measures
59
Q

Brain Scanning Behaviours

A
  • look at brain wave changes when lying
60
Q

Truth Serum

A
  • Barbiturates such as sodium Pentothal; relaxes people
61
Q

Intergrity Tests

A
  • questionaires that asses workers tendency to steal or cheat
62
Q

what are other test (other than polygraph) to detect lying

A
  • Guilty knowledge test
  • brain scanning technique
  • Truth Serum
  • Intergrity tests
63
Q

Positive Psychology

A

emphasizes human strengths, such as resilience, coping, life satisfaction
- think of individuals as inherently good

64
Q

broadens and build theory

A
  • happiness predisposes us to thinking more openly, allowing us to see the “big picture” we might have otherwise overlooked
65
Q

happiness is associated with

A

a longer life
- causation

66
Q

what are happiness myths

A
  • happiness does not depends on what happens to us
  • money makes us happy
  • happiness declines with age
  • people on the west coast (of north America) are the happiest
67
Q

9 examples of things associated with higher levels of happiness

A
  • marriage
  • friends
  • collage or university
  • religion
  • political affiliation
  • exercise
  • gratitude
  • giving
  • flow
68
Q

Caveats

A
  • associated between variables and happiness are typically modest in moderation, with many exceptions
    *findings deprived from correlation research
69
Q

Motivations

A

the drives, especially wants and needs, that propel us in specific directions

70
Q

what are the 2 most powerful motivators

A
  • food
  • sex
71
Q

two major theories of motivations

A
  • drive reduction
  • incentive theories
72
Q

Drive reduction theory

A
  • certain drive motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states (hunger, thirst, and sexual frustrations)
  • attempting to maintain homeostasis (strength of drives affected by arousal)
73
Q

Yerkes Dodson law

A

shows relations between arousal and preformace

74
Q

yerkes Dodson Law states that we are better at simple tasks if we have ______ arousal

A

high

75
Q

Yerkes Dodson law states that we are better at complex tasks if we have ______ arousal

A

lower

76
Q

what are the 4 main theories of drive conflict

A
  • Approach avoidance (+ - qualities of one thing)
  • approach approach (+ +)
  • avoidance avoidance (- -)
  • double approach avoidance ( + - of multiple things)
77
Q

incentive theories

A

propose that we are often motivated by postive goals

78
Q

Instrinsic motivation

A

motivated by internal goals

79
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

motivated by external goals

80
Q

who proposed a distinction between needs

A

Henry Murray

81
Q

primary needs

A

biological neccessities

82
Q

Secondary needs

A

psychological desires

83
Q

Henry Murray research has lead to

A

mazlow’s heiarchy of needs

84
Q

What is at the top of mazlows heiarchy

A

self actualization

85
Q

mazlows heiarch of needs top to bottom

A

self actualization –> aesthetic needs –> cognitive needs –> esteem needs –> belongings and love needs –> safety needs –> physiological needs

psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions