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psychology > Chapter 5.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 5.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is consciousness

A

our awareness of external stimuli
- subjective awareness of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives

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2
Q

Circadian rhythm

A
  • term for changes that occur on a roughly 24 hour basis in many of our biological processes, including hormone release, brain waves, body temperature, and drowsiness
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3
Q

carcadian rhythm is regulated by

A

SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus

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4
Q

SCN is found in the

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

carcadian rhythm is commonly known as the bodys

A

biological alarm clock

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6
Q

SCN signals the pineal gland to secrete

A

melatonin

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7
Q

Disruptions in circadian rhythm can result in

A

extreme problems with sleep
EX: Kleine levin sydrom (sleeping beauty disorder)

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8
Q

how much sleep do most people need a day

A

7-10 hours

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9
Q

what rare geneitic mutation can cause a person to require less sleep

A

DEC2

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10
Q

how much sleep do collage kids need a day

A

9 hours

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11
Q

how many hours of sleep do infants need a day

A

16 hours

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12
Q

sleep deprivation involves

A

missing a period or restful sleep over one or more days

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13
Q

accumulated sleep loss over muliple days is known as

A

sleep debt

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14
Q

What are the 5 stages of sleep

A

1
2
3
4
REM

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15
Q

what is the order of the sleep stages

A

1-2-3-4-3-2-1-REM-1-2..

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16
Q

Beta waves

A

12-13 cycles / sec (awake/alert)

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17
Q

Alpha waves

A

8-12 cycles/sec (relaxed/drowsy)

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18
Q

stage 1 is also known as

A

light sleep

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19
Q

how long does stage 1 last for

A

5-10 mins

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20
Q

stage 1

A
  • brief transitional stage of light sleep
  • changes from alpha/beta waves (during wakefulness) to theta waves (when you have fallen asleep)
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21
Q

theta waves

A

4-7 cycles/sec

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22
Q

what can occur during stage 1

A
  • myoclonic jerks and hypnagogic imagery
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23
Q

how long does stage 2 typically last

A

10-25 mins

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24
Q

how is stage 2 characterized

A

sleep spindals and k-complexes

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25
Q

what kind of waves are there in stage 2

A

predomominatly theta waves

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26
Q

stage 2 happens when

A

brain waves decelerate, heart rate slows, body tempurature decreases, muscles relax, and eye movements cease

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27
Q

how long does it take to enter stage 3&4 of sleep

A

10-30 mins

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28
Q

Stage 3&4 of sleep are called

A

slow wave sleep

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29
Q

stage 3&4 of sleep are chacaterized by

A

delta waves

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30
Q

Delta waves are around _____-____ cycles per second

A

0.5-2

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31
Q

what is the difference between stage 3 & 4 of sleep

A

how much of the brain waves are delta waves

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32
Q

why are stage 3 & 4 important

A

to feel rested

33
Q

what percentage of delta waves are in stage 3

A

`20-50

34
Q

what percentage of delta waves are in stage 4

A

more than 50

35
Q

how much does REM sleep occupy of our nights sleep

A

20-25%

36
Q

how long do cycles of REM last for

A

20mins to 1 hour

37
Q

When does dreaming occur

A

in both REM and NREM sleep
- more common in REM though

38
Q

what percentage of REM periods are accosiated with dreaming

A

82%

39
Q

what percentage of NREM periods are associated with dreaming

A

43%

40
Q

do our eyes dart around in REM sleep

A

yes

41
Q

does middle ear activity occur during REM sleep

A

yes

42
Q

can we move in REM sleep

A

no
- bodys are paralyzed except in people with REM behaviour disorder

43
Q

Lucid dreaming

A

the experience of becoming aware that you are dreaming while you are asleep

44
Q

what percentage of people report a sleep disorder

A

30-50

45
Q

what are some of the most common sleep disorders

A
  • Insomnia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Night Terrors
  • sleep walking
46
Q

insomnia

A

difficultly falling and staying asleep

47
Q

what forms does insomina take

A
  • having trouble falling asleep (regurally take more than 30 mins to fall asleep)
  • waking up to early in the morning
  • waking up during the night and having troible returning to sleep
48
Q

Insomnia treatments

A
  • proper going to bed habits
  • sleeping pills
  • psychotherapy
49
Q

Narcolepsy

A

a disorder in which people experience episodes of sudden sleep

50
Q

Narcolepsy is associated with

A

Cataplexy

51
Q

Causes of Narcolepsy

A
  • genetics
  • specific type of damage to the brain
  • lack of hormone orexin
52
Q

Narcolepsy treatment

A
  • drug modafinil
  • orexin replacement (experimental)
53
Q

Sleep apnea

A
  • disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue
54
Q

Sleep Apnea treatment

A
  • weight loss
  • surgical removal of tonsils (children)
  • CPAP machine
55
Q

night terrors occur mainly in

A

children

56
Q

how long do neight terror episodes last

A

only a few minutes

57
Q

Night Terrors

A
  • sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiriing, and confusion, follwed by a return to deep sleep
58
Q

what percentage of children sleep walk

A

15-30%

59
Q

What percentage of adults sleep walk

A

4-5%

60
Q

Sleep walking

A

walking while fully asleep

61
Q

people are more likely to sleep walk when

A

deprived of sleep

62
Q

What are the four major theories of Dreaming

A
  • Freud’s Dream Protection theory
  • Activation-synthesis theory
  • Neurocognitive theory
  • The Dream Continuity Hypothesis
63
Q

Freuds view on ego

A
  • is weekest when we are asleep
  • therefore normally controlled impulses can come to the surface and disturb out sleep
63
Q

To freud, dreams are the _________ of sleep

A

gardians (protectors)

64
Q

according to freud our ego is also known as our

A

mental censor

65
Q

according to freud do dreams protect us

A

yes

66
Q

the __________ disguised these impulses. Transforms them into symbols representing __________

A

dreamwork
wish fulfilment

67
Q

manifest content

A

is the things we experience as we dream

68
Q

latent content

A

is the hidden meaning behind our dreams

69
Q

Activation synthesis

A
  • proposed that dreams reflect brain activation
  • brain activates in a haphazard and semi-chaotic way when asleep
  • dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals that occur mostly during REM
70
Q

Neurocognitive Theory

A
  • dreams are more than random neural impulses, they reflect ordinary, waking concernes, show stability over time, and relate to our lived experience
  • dreams are simulations in which we place ourselves in differnet mental scenarios to expolre possible outcomes
71
Q

Dream Continuity Hypothesis

A
  • dreams mirror our life circumstances
  • supported by a lost of evidence surrounding the content of dreams in many ways, but not all. So doesnt explain the whole story
72
Q

some researchers believe that the _____ plays a large role in dreaming

A

forebrain

73
Q

damage to the _____ _______ ______ ____ or ______ _____ can lead to complete loss of dreaming

A
  • deep frontal white matter
  • parietal lobes
74
Q

do dreams follow our development

A

yes

75
Q

what does the typical 5 year old dream of

A

a pet or a zoo animal

76
Q

What do children 9-10 dream about

A
  • dreams with a lack of movement and are simple
  • lack emotions
77
Q

when do people start to dream like adults

A

after the age of 10

psychology (13 decks)

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