Chapter 11

Question 1

Risk factors that cannot be modified

Answer 1

Advancing age, heredity, Male sex

Question 2

many chronic diseases are linked to

Answer 2

obesity

Question 3

In the U.S. more than _______ people suffer some form of disease of the heart and blood vessels, collectively known as cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Answer 3

100 million

Question 4

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Answer 4

a general term describing diseases of the heart and/or blood vessels.

Question 5

CVD Claims how many lives

Answer 5

650,000

Question 6

Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

deposits known as plaques along the inner walls of the arteries

Question 7

primary cause of stroke

Answer 7

hypertension

Question 8

embolus

Answer 8

clot travels through the circulatory system

Question 9

aneurysm

Answer 9

ballooning out of an artery wall at a point that is weakened by deterioration.

Question 10

coronary heart disease

Answer 10

a chronic disease characterized by obstructive blood flow in the coronary arteries

Question 11

hemorrhage

Answer 11

uncontrolled bleeding

Question 12

thrombus

Answer 12

stationary blood clot in the circulatory system.

Question 13

thrombosis

Answer 13

thrombus grows large enough to close off a blood vessel

Question 14

embolism

Answer 14

embolus lodges in an artery and suddenly cuts off the blood supply

Question 15

fatty streaks

Answer 15

deposits of fat on the inner surfaces of arteries

Question 16

stroke

Answer 16

cut off of the blood flow to a part of the brain by a thrombus, an embolus, or the bursting of a blood vessel;

Question 17

heart attack

Answer 17

sudden, unexpected cessation of the heartbeat, respiration, and consciousness,

Question 18

damage to the cells lining the arteries due to atherosclerosis is followed by which events

Answer 18

Development of fatty streaks, especially at branch points.

Enlargement and hardening of these fat deposits to become plaques.

Narrowing and hardening of the arteries (see Figure 11-3).

Inflammation, which produces abundant free radicals.

Question 19

Life’s simple seven lists seven actions associated with ideal cardiovascular health:

Answer 19

Manage blood pressure.

Control cholesterol.

Reduce blood sugar.

Be active.

Eat better.

Lose weight.

Stop smoking.

Question 20

True or false: Men have a greater risk of CVD than females

Answer 20

True

Question 21

In all its form CVD kills more _____ especially _____

Answer 21

women, postmenopausal

Question 22

_______ progresses rapidly in people with diabetes

Answer 22

atherosclerosis

Question 23

over 3/4 of U.S adults over ____ have hypertension

Answer 23

65

Question 24

platelets

Answer 24

platelets tiny, cell-like fragments in the blood

Question 25

atherogenic diet

Answer 25

*High saturated fat, low fruits & veggies* a diet that promotes atherosclerosis

Question 26

metabolic syndrome

Answer 26

the five-member set of symptoms

Question 27

5 CVD risk factors

Answer 27

High fasting blood glucose Central obesity Hypertension Low blood HDL High blood triglycerides

Question 28

the first number in blood pressure represents

Answer 28

systolic pressure

Question 29

The second number in blood pressure represents the

Answer 29

diastolic pressure

Question 30

Ideal resting blood pressure

Answer 30

lower than 120/80

Question 31

DRI for salt

Answer 31

1,500

Question 32

A _____ is a stationary clot in a blood vessel.

Answer 32

thrombus

Question 33

leading cause of death in U.S

Answer 33

diabetes

Question 34

prediabetes

Answer 34

blood glucose concentration is above normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes;

Question 35

Which type of diabetes is an autoimmune disorder

Answer 35

diabetes type 1