Chapter 9

Question 1

Among U.S adults what percent is obese?

Answer 1

42 percent

Question 2

wasting

Answer 2

the progressive loss of body tissue that accompanies certain diseases and shortens survival.

Question 3

too low body weight threatens survival during a ____ and ______

Answer 3

famine; fighting a disease

Question 4

severe/ morbid obesity

Answer 4

the condition of having a BMI of 40 or above presenting very high risks to health;

Question 5

7 obesity-related chronic diseases

Answer 5

• Arthritis
• Cancers (breast, colon, endometrium etc.)
• diabetes
• heart, fatty liver, & kidney disease
• stroke

Question 6

what BMI indicates starvation

Answer 6

15

Question 7

adipokines

Answer 7

protein hormones made and released by adipose tissue to regulate

Question 8

endocrine organ

Answer 8

any of a number of body organs that synthesize and secrete hormones that travel in body fluids to other organs where they influence diverse critical functions,

Question 9

body fat distribution

Answer 9

the pattern of fat deposition in various body areas.

Question 10

Visceral fat

Answer 10

fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs;

Question 11

Central fat

Answer 11

excess fat in the abdomen and around the trunk.

Question 12

subcutaneous fat

Answer 12

fat stored directly under the skin

Question 13

BMI (body mass index)

Answer 13

an indicator of health risk from obesity or underweight in people older than 20 years (weigh/square of height )

Question 14

BMI over ____ requires treatment

Answer 14

30

Question 15

waist circumference

Answer 15

a measurement of abdominal girth that indicates the degree of visceral fat.

Question 16

What waist circumference puts men and women at greater risk of disease

Answer 16

35 for women, 40 for men

Question 17

How is “energy in” part of the body’s energy budget measured

Answer 17

The “energy in” side of the body’s energy budget is measured in calories taken each day in the form of foods and beverages.

Question 18

Two major ways in which the body spends energy

Answer 18

(1) to fuel its basal metabolism and
(2) to fuel its voluntary activities.

Question 19

thermic effect of food

Answer 19

the body’s speeded-up metabolism in response to having eaten a meal;

Question 20

basal metabolism

Answer 20

the sum total of all the involuntary activities that are necessary to sustain life

Question 21

EER Estimated Energy Requirement

Answer 21

the DRI value for average dietary energy intake in a healthy adult

Question 22

energy diminishes by ___ percent per decade beyond the age of 30 years.

Answer 22

5%

Question 23

Unhealthy BMI

Answer 23

less than 18.5

Question 24

Overweight BMI

Answer 24

25.0- 29.9

Question 25

Obesity BMI

Answer 25

30

Question 26

2 setbacks of BMI

Answer 26

- fail identify how much weight is fat - where the fat is located

Question 27

BMI calculation

Answer 27

BMI= weight (lb)/ height (in^2) x 703

Question 28

Skin fold test

Answer 28

measurement of the thickness of a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat on the back of the arm

Question 29

3 common ways to assess body fat

Answer 29

- skinfold - waist circumference - dual energy x-ray

Question 30

_____ is the largest contributor to the calories we expend each day.

Answer 30

Basal metabolism

Question 31

Hunger

Answer 31

the physiological need to eat,

Question 32

satiety

Answer 32

the perception of fullness that lingers in the hours after a meal

Question 33

satiation

Answer 33

perception of fullness that builds throughout a meal

Question 34

grhelin

Answer 34

hormone released by the stomach that signals the brain’s hypothalamus and other regions to stimulate eating.

Question 35

appetite

Answer 35

the psychological desire to eat

Question 36

lack of sleep causes increase in what hormone

Answer 36

grhelin

Question 37

what happens when satiation occurs

Answer 37

the eater feels full and stops eating.

Question 38

leptin

Answer 38

an appetite-suppressing hormone produced in the fat cells

Question 39

Of the three energy-yielding nutrients which has a greater satiation effect

Answer 39

protein

Question 40

Of the three energy-yielding nutrients which has the least satiation effect

Answer 40

Fat

Question 41

set-point theory

Answer 41

theory stating that the body’s regulatory controls tend to maintain a particular body weight

Question 42

brown adipose tissue (BAT)

Answer 42

type of adipose tissue abundant in hibernating animals and human infants

Question 43

food deserts

Answer 43

low-income communities where many people do not own cars and live more than a mile from a supermarket or large grocery store