Chapter 11 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What was the Khaki Election?
During the second anglo boer war the British soldier where know as Khakis, during the war the government called and election to exploit the circumstance resulting in an impressive conservative victory.
How was there support for the empire?
Empire was justified on moral grounds as a duty from god to “Civilise People”
Liberal supported the empire through the Lens of bringing education and improving the colonies with the future of them eventually being self governing.
Conservatives looks at thee colonies and sought the creation of a stronger and more closely knit empire, supporting territorial expansion and binging the colonies in matter of trade and government.
Fervent imperialist viewed it as a Racial duty and supported a strong empire ruled by white people these included Alfred Milner.
High imperialists supported the growth of the empire to combat external threat and to generate wealth to fund social reforms for British people.
Empire day movement sought to reinforce imperial identity among its peoples.
Who was Leopold Amery?
Conservative MP who also served as he sectary of state for india and Burma, he strongly advocated for imperial unity and the formation of a commonwealth of countries.
Who was Lord Salisbury?
Served 3 times as prime minister ( conservatives) and 4 times as foreign sectary, he believed that imperial rule was indispensable to those it controlled.
He was prime minister during the second Boer War and opposed the Irish home rule bill.
How was their criticism of the empire?
John A Hobson was an empire critic who believed it was solely driven by economic reasons and to benefit a small group fo Jewish Financiers. He also believed that the second anglo boer war began to secure gold for “ Jew Imperialists”
Issues over British conduct during the anglo Boer war prompted anti-Imperialist sentiment. Welfare campaigner Emily Hobhouse exposed the British usage of concentration camps to house Boers. The condition of these camps where very bad with starvation and disease resulting in the death of 28,000 boers
Fredrick Harrison a left wing layer believed colonialism was unethical.
William Digby formed the Indian political and General agency to discuss Indian grievances
Why where there concerns over national efficiency?
During the Anglo Boer war many people where concern over Britain’s efficiency. It had taken 400,00 troops, £230 million and three years, against only 30,000 Boer troops.
Home grown troops where hard to come by as 40% of British recruits had been unfit for service and in Manchester 8000 of 11,000 volunteers where turned away . Poor diet and living conditions weakened Britains man power.
A decline in industrial output and the rising industries of Germany and America lead to concerns the the country could be eclipsed by germany
How was national efficiency improved?
1902 conservative education act lead to the opening of 1000 secondary schools across England.
Modernisation of the Royal Navy with the production of the dreadnought ship in response to the German building up their naval power.
Surge in social reforms including free school meals, school medical inspections, children’s welfare checks and old age pensions pioneered by David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill.
Who was David Lloyd George?
Leading liberal politician, who served a chancellor of the exchequer, his drive led to him becoming prime minister at the end of 1916.
Popular press and the empire:
Late 18th century was regarded as a bit of a golden age of newspaper productions die to emergence of professional journalists who had a political agenda and reached to a mass audience.
The daily mails was a new form of newspaper marketed at the lower middle classes due to its low cost, during the anglo-Boer war it sold 1 million copies and told stories of bringing down the Boer and British heroism.
Literature and music and the empire:
Writer Rudyard Kipling did much to share attitudes to empire, he was often critical of administrators and had strong belief in empire and the superiority of the British race his works often include elements of empire.
There were subtle nods to imperialism in women’s romantic fiction on the late 18th century which book set in colonial setting with doctor and missionaries .
Pomp and circumstance song had colonial themes.
Gilbert and Sullivan operas had heavily jingoistic themes.
Youth and the empire:
Imperialist message where spread through books, organisations and schools due to and increase in literacy there was a new market for books with imperial exploration themes.
Boy empire ragù had 7000 members and offered £25 and passage to a colony each year.
Boy scouts and girls house where set up by a veteran of the anglo-Boer war and was organised like a military cadet group to prepare future defender of the empire.
ABC for baby patriots had heavily imperialist theme and indoctrinated the young into supporting the empire and its cultural domination ,
