Chapter 7: Consolidation And Expansion Of The British Empire Flashcards
(17 cards)
Why did British expansionism into become more assertive?
Conservative gov elected in 1895 where determined to uphold British power in every part of world bringing wars and threats.
British protectorate where established to provide better security to pre existing ports, markets and territories to prevent the advance of other European imperialists.
How did Britain justify its expansionism into Africa?
Often expanded/ too over from chartered companies who could no longer uphold the cost, British rule was then established.
Britain hated to feel thicker area where secured and thus would protect the ‘possessions’ by force often veiling attack under the guise of dealing with local skirmishes and crises.
British control in Ashantiland:
The births were won down by the countinued resistance of the Asante people and demnanded that their king turned over the remainder of his empire as a British protectorate to which he refused prompting a fourth anglo-Asante war where the Asante where deafeated and ashantiland was incorporated into the gold coat colony in 1902.
British control in Nigeria:
Established control due to a 1890 agreement with the french that confirmed their dominion over the area, Britain took over the responsibilities of the royal Niger company and Nigerian was eventually unified in 1911.
British control in Zanzibar:
A treaty was signed with Germany confirming Zanzibar to be in the British sphere of influence and Britain declared it a protectorate appointing a puppet sultan. The puppet sultan was killed under suspicious circumstances and a less supportive one assumed power. There was a confrontation between new sultan Khalid who refused to step down. A naval bombarment was launched and Khalid surrendered after 38 minutes and te death of 500 Zanzibari. A pro Britain sultan was installed
British control in Uganda / Buganda :
After the successful conversion of many Ugandan by catholics and Muslim the king excecuted 3 catholic prompting a civil war. The king had to flee and agreed with the English to had over some of his territories if they supported his claim and reinstalled him, he handed over power of revenue and trade to the imperial British east africa company and buganda became a protectorate.
What was the Bugandan railway?
Railway from Mombasa to the coast.
It consisted of 660miles of trac, 5 years of building , £5mil and 2500 mostly indentured labourer who endured horrific conditions and many attacks from Masai warriors and lions.
Wh
What was the significance of the Ugandan railway?
- enabled access to new markets
- encourage colonial settlement
- facilitated the export of both ate and coffee , key commodities
- protected the source of the river Nile from potential rivals
- promoted tourism
- help end Arab run East African slave trade
British involvement in Kenya:
At the Berlin conference Kenya was said to be in Britain sphere of influence, it was a key area to have as it carved a route to the coast from Uganda. Britain made use of. Succession dispute and the bankruptcy of the British east Africa company t safeguard their train interest in Zanzibar and Uganda. There was an uprising under the sheikh which took th briths 9 month to crush, after that it was declared a protectorate.
British involvement in the Sudan:
The area was in a heavily disrupted sate after the mahdist revolt and the death of general gordon at Khartoum.
Concerned over the expansion of other European countries into africa Salisbury signed treaties confining Germans and french to east and west africa away from the headwaters of the Nile .
The Italian defeat by Ethiopia prompt Salisbury to launch a British campaign in Sudan, Kitchener was appointed commander in chief of the Egyptian army was given order which he extend to capture Khartoum, they used modern machinery while fighting an army equipped with older weaponry and won victory at the battle of Omdurman in 1898. Kitchener was given order to reach the french at the headwater of the Nile nd discuss disputed claims. The french eventually agreed to stay it of the Nile. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was established which would be run. By the brits.
Briths involvement in somaliland:
The Somaliland protectorate was reinforced by administrative and military personnel to mite french and Italian interests in the area. The location was significant as it provided Britain access to the Indian Ocean and colonies in the east.
British expansion into Rhodesia:
God was discovered in the region prompting the intervention of Cecil Rhodes who established mining concessions nd later was followed by white settlers to create protectorate. There was resistance from the Ndebele however their 80,000 forc stood little chance against British maxim Guns. Conflicts continued in the area.
British interest in Nyasaland:
A small territory on the shores of lake Nyasa that had been open up by livingstone and settled lby the Scottish. Faced Portuguese backed Arab attack and guerilla warfare and indigenous resitance continually. The area became a protectorate in 1907
What was the Jameson raid?
Launched from briths Rhodesia by Dr Jameson, who had been instructed by Rhodes to invade Transvaal regin with only 500 mounted police. It was easily defeated and those involved were sentenced to prison, it brought shame upon the British government and made Paul Kruger a hero increasing the boers zeal
What was the peace of Vereeniging and when?
May 1902:
Ended the anglo-boer war, Boer aknowleged themselves as British subject and the Boer republic became British colonies wihht the rimise of self-government . And act of union of South Africa established a single parliament and South Africa became a single British dominion territory.
