Chapter 11 Flashcards
(9 cards)
Define passive transport
There is no energy input required
exemplified by simple diffusions and facilitated diffusion
uses concentration gradient; molecules move across a bilayer based on gradients
Define Active Transport
uses energy to transfer molecules against a concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
uses channel proteins to move large or charged molecules down their concentration gradient
ex) chemically gated Na+ channel found in muscle cell plasma membranes
Simple Diffusion
involves the propulsion of each solute by random molecular motion from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What allows the uptake of glucose from the blood to ultimately lower blood sugar?
Insulin
causes change within cells that are response/sensitive to insulin
What are the two forms of active transport and define them?
Primary Active Transport
- transmembrane ATP-hydrolizing enzymes provide the energy to drive the transport of ions or molecules - NaK ATPase (sodium potassium pump)
Secondary Active Transport
- concentration gradients formed by primary active transport tare used to move their substances across the membrane - ATP-ADP translocase - movement of ATP out of inner membrane space and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix to be used to make ATP
Cystic Fibroses
autosomal recessive genetic disorder (from Mom and Dad)
greatly effects the lungs and digestive tract
CFTR Protein
- chloride transporter found at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells
- in normal cells, allows the release of Cl- from the cell
-when blocked it causes very thick and dry mucus layer
Effects of thick mucus secretions in CF
in lungs - prevent cilia on surface of cells from clearing bacteria and also makes it difficult to breathe
in pancreas - block passageways so digestive enzymes cannot get to the intestine - can’t absorb nutrients
