Chapter 11

Question 1

The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is

Answer 1

gene expression

Question 2

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription

Answer 2

DNA packing and unpacking

Question 3

Although all of the cells in your body contain a complete set of DNA, they have different function because

Answer 3

different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell

Question 4

How many active X chromosomes are there in each cell of a female mammal?

Answer 4

One

Question 5

In an operon, the _____ acts as an on/off switch

Answer 5

operator

Question 6

What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Answer 6

Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated

Question 7

Which of the following cell is least differentiated?

Answer 7

Embryonic stem cells

Question 8

Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Answer 8

Alteration of proteins

Question 9

Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Answer 9

Alteration of proteins

Question 10

How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?

Answer 10

There is more than one way to splice an RNA transcript

Question 11

What kinds of somatic cell gene mutations can frequently lead to the first stages of cancer?

Answer 11

Mutations in genes that regulate cell division

Question 12

What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?

Answer 12

Oncogene

Question 13

Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?

Answer 13

Mutations in proto-oncogenes and inactivation of a tumor-supressor gene

Question 14

____ is responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen

Answer 14

Tobacco

Question 15

Cells in a multicellular organism may regulate gene expression in a distant cell. An example of this secretion of

Answer 15

hormones

Question 16

How is it that cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Answer 16

The cells exhibit different patters of gene expression

Question 17

Cells communicate with one another via _____

Answer 17

signal transduction pathways

Question 18

Tumor-suppressor genes are important in the prevention of cancer because they ______

Answer 18

produce gene products that prevent uncontrolled cell growth

Question 19

Introns are _____

Answer 19

non-coding DNA sequences

Question 20

The second-leading cause of death in most developed countries (following heart disease) is _______

Answer 20

cancer

Question 21

Homeotic genes are best described as ______

Answer 21

genes that regulate groups of other genes that determine what body parts will develop in which locations