Chapter 12

Question 1

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with _____

Answer 1

restriction enzymes

Question 2

Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?

Answer 2

DNA ligase

Question 3

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime scene. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?

Answer 3

You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment anaylsis

Question 4

Archeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human’s genes?

Answer 4

Use the polymerase chain reaction

Question 5

A vaccine works by _____

Answer 5

stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses

Question 6

The following figure shows that gel electrophoresis can be used to separate repetitive DNA sequence. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments becasuse _______

Answer 6

the DNA fragments have different lenghts

Question 7

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by _____

Answer 7

gel electrophoresis

Question 8

Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

Answer 8

Plasmids

Question 9

Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?

Answer 9

Isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium

Question 10

Restriction enzymes are obtained from _____

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ____

Answer 11

length

Question 12

Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?

Answer 12

The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA

Question 13

In recombinant DNA experiments, ____ is used to cut pieces of DNA and ____ joins the resulting frgaments to form recombinant DNA

Answer 13

a restriction enzyme…DNA ligase

Question 14

In human gene therapy ____

Answer 14

normal versions of genese are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele

Question 15

An example of a successful gene therapy approach to treating human disease is seen in a procedure ______

Answer 15

using gene therapy to treat severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Question 16

Which of these is a genetically modified organism?

Answer 16

An organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

Question 17

The term “restriction fragments” refers to _____

Answer 17

pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths

Question 18

Human insulin is produced in large quantities by _____

Answer 18

recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats

Question 19

One of the most difficult ethical issues related to DNA technology is the question _____

Answer 19

“How do we prevent genetic information from being used in a discriminatory manner?”

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?

Answer 20

DNA that includes pieces from two different sources

Question 21

The world’s first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ____

Answer 21

humulin

Question 22

Which enzyme “pastes” DNA fragments together?

Answer 22

DNA ligase

Question 23

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include _____

Answer 23

A)the potential for interfering in evolution
B) the safety of GM foods
C) the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
D) the appropriateness of creating new plants, animals, and microorganisms
E) all of the above

Question 24

How do forensic investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a particular crime scene?

Answer 24

Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples

Question 25

When plasmids, which are small, circular, bacterial, DNA molecules are used to transfer foreign DNA to other cells, the plasmid is called a ______

Answer 25

vector