Chapter 11 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define Motivation
a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.
Aron Ralston
Found motivation to cut off his arm when trapped in a cliff in Utah in 2003.
Instinct Theory
The theory that instincts are responsible for motivating human behavior.
Drive Reduction Theory
the idea that humans are motivated to reduce drives, such as eating to reduce the feeling of hunger. This restores homeostasis,a steady internal state.
Drives
Based on inner needs and can be seen as a force “pushing” from inside of us.
Incentives
External stimuli that either appeal to our needs or trigger
our aversive feelings, and can be used to “pull” us in our actions.
Arousal/Optimization Theory
Some behavior cannot be easily connected to a biological need, and instead seems driven by a need to either increase or decrease our physiological arousal level.
Hierarchy of Needs/Motives
Humans strive to ensure that basic needs are satisfied
before they find motivation to pursue goals that are higher on this hierarchy.
What are the human motivations?
Hunger, Sex, Belonging, Work.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need/Motives
humans strive to ensure that basic needs are satisfied before they find motivation to pursue goals that are higher on this hierarchy. Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness and love needs Esteem needs Self-actualization needs Self-Transcendence needs
Set point
Most mammals, without consciously regulating, have a
stable weight to which they keep returning
Situational influences on the amount we eat
Social facilitation: the presence of others accentuates our typical eating habits
Unit bias: we may eat only one serving/unit (scoop, plateful, bun-full) of food, but will eat more if the serving size is larger
Buffet effect: we eat more if more options are available
Body Fat
Body fat is normal and healthy, fat stores energy effectively for later use.
Has been seen as a sign of affluence
Moving your body’s set point
Begin with an understanding of the metabolic challenges you face, so that you blame slow progress on physiology, not poor willpower.
Begin with self-acceptance and a decision to change, rather than feeling shame.
Make gradual and consistent, not drastic and varying, lifestyle changes.
Increase exercise and healthy food choices.
Get support.
Reasons why we may work
The income from work can indirectly satisfy the drive for food and shelter.
Some are driven by achievement motivation.
In rare cases, the goals and activities of work can feel like a calling, a fulfilling and socially useful activity. Some people may seek the optimal work experience called “flow.” (feeling purposefully engaged, deeply immersed, and challenged).
Industrial-Organizational Psychology (I/O psych)
Personnel psychology
Organizational psychology
Human factors psychology
Goals of Organizational psychology
Maximizing worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity
Understanding organizational structures and dynamics
Facilitating organizational change
Improving teamwork and leadership
Who said, “genius is 1 percent inspiration, 99 percent perspiration”?
Thomas Edison
