Chapter 11

Question 1

Puberty

Answer 1

Biological changes of adolescence

Question 2

Five components of adolescence

Answer 2

1. Rapid acceleration of growth
2. Development of primary sex characteristics
   - gonads, sex glands (testes or ovaries)
3. Development of secondary sex characteristics
   - genitals, breasts, facial and pubic hair
4. Changes in body composition
5. Changes in circulatory and respiratory system
   - more strength and endurance

Question 3

Endocrine System

Answer 3

System of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands

Question 5

Glands

Answer 5

Organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones

Question 6

Set Point

Answer 6

Level the body attempts to maintain through self regulating system

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

Gland responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Part of the lower brain stem that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland

Question 9

Gonads

Answer 9

Glands and secrete sex hormones

-testes and ovaries

Question 10

Androgens

Answer 10

Sex hormones found in both sexes, but higher levels are in females

Question 11

Estrogens

Answer 11

Sex hormones found in both sexes, but higher levels are in males

Question 12

Leptin

Answer 12

Protein produced by fat that signals puberty

Question 13

Adrenarche

Answer 13

The maturation of the adrenal glands during preadolescnence

Question 14

Cortisol

Answer 14

Hormone produced when exposed to stress

Question 15

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 15

Development of breasts, facial and body hair, and changes in voice

Question 16

Menarche

Answer 16

Time of first menstruation

Question 17

Delayed Phase Preference

Answer 17

Later sleep and wake times during puberty

Question 18

Secular Trend

Answer 18

Tendency for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier because of improvements in health and nutrition

Question 19

Bulimia

Answer 19

Binge eating and self-induced vomiting

Question 20

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 20

Dramatic and severe self-induced weight loss (starving themselves)

Question 21

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 21

Responsible for decision making and planning

Question 22

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 22

Important for deliberate decision making and impulse control

Question 23

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 23

Important for gut-level, intuitive responding

Question 24

Orbitofrontal Cortex

Answer 24

Important for evaluating risks and rewards

Question 25

Neurotransmitters

Answer 25

Chemical substances in brain that carry electrical impulses across synapses

Question 26

Limbic System

Answer 26

Area of the brain that plays an important role in emotional experience and processing social information

Question 27

Hippocampus

Answer 27

Important for memory and controlling impulsive behavior

Question 28

Improvements of thinking in adolescents

Answer 28

- More able to think about what is possible - Able to think in sophisticated ways about abstract concepts - Better at thinking about the process of thinking - Able to think about things from multiple vantage points at the same time - See things as relative rather than absolute

Question 29

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 29

Logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises or givens - All soccer players wear shin guards - Chris is a soccer player - Does Chris wear shin guards?

Question 30

Hypothetical Thinking

Answer 30

Thinking that is based on what is possible and not just what is real -"if-then" thinking

Question 31

Metacognition

Answer 31

Process of thinking about thinking itself

Question 32

Imaginary Audience

Answer 32

Self-conscious belief that everyone is watching and evaluating you

Question 33

Personal Fable

Answer 33

Person's belief that they are unique and therefore don't need to follow rules

Question 34

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 34

Motivation based on pleasure one will experience from mastering a task

Question 35

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 35

Motivation based on rewards one will receive for successful performance

Question 36

Need for Achievement

Answer 36

How much an individual strives for success