Chapter 11

Question 1

species

Answer 1

group of organisms that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

population

Answer 2

individuals of same species living a given area

Question 3

fundamental niche

Answer 3

range of abiotic conditions which a species can persist (range they can survive as a species)

Question 4

abiotic condition examples

Answer 4

temperature, precipitation, pH, minerals

Question 5

realized niche

Answer 5

range of abiotic and biotic conditions which a species can persist (where species are actually found)

Question 6

interaction that can exclude population from a given area

Answer 6

species interactions

Question 7

examples of species interactions (that keep a species from living in an area)

Answer 7

competition, predation, disease from pathogens or parasites

Question 8

geographic range

Answer 8

total area covered by a population

Question 9

why don’t individuals live in every space/location in its range?

Answer 9

species interactions can cause exclusions

Question 10

habitat

Answer 10

physical setting where an organism lives - includes physical features like dominant plant and animal life

Question 11

2 properties of populations

Answer 11

abundance and density

Question 12

abundance

Answer 12

total # of individuals

Question 13

density

Answer 13

abundance per a measured area/ given place

Question 14

methods to estimating population size

Answer 14

census, mark recapture, estimation of local density, lincoln peterson index

Question 15

census

Answer 15

all individuals in population counted

Question 16

what population sizes is a census practical and impractical for

Answer 16

small populations = practical method

large populations = impractical method

Question 17

how to estimate local density to find out total population

Answer 17

count all individuals in a particular area, then multiple value by total area of population

Question 18

examples of local density estimation

Answer 18

quadrats and transects

Question 19

what type of organisms is estimating local density practical for

Answer 19

organisms who move/disperse little to not at all

Question 20

mark recapture method

Answer 20

capture and mark as many animals as possible, release back to population, allow time for them to mix, capture again, count marked animals, figure proportion marked and unmarked

Question 21

lincoln peterson index

Answer 21

marked individuals in 2nd sample/total caught in 2nd sample = # of individuals original marked/total population size

Question 22

lincoln peterson index assumptions

Answer 22

all individuals equally likely, no change in population size, no marked individuals lost

Question 23

dispersal

Answer 23

movement of individuals from habitat of origin (birthplace)

Question 24

why do organisms disperse

Answer 24

move between suitable habitats for better resources

Question 25

potential cost of dispersal

Answer 25

extra energy to get there and possibly not be worth it

Question 26

how do seeds disperse

Answer 26

wind, precipitation, water flow, attaching to animals, animals consuming edible parts

Question 27

do plants invest a lot or little energy into seeds surviving dispersal

Answer 27

a lot

Question 28

cost/benefit of seed dispersal

Answer 28

cost: time and energy into seeds instead of growing benefit: more reproductive success/seed survival

Question 29

what does new colonization require

Answer 29

dispersal

Question 30

barriers in dispersal

Answer 30

unsuitable habitat between suitable habitats that have no population

Question 31

barrier effects on dispersal

Answer 31

limits dispersal

Question 32

barrier examples

Answer 32

roads, agriculture fields, buildings

Question 33

habitat corridors

Answer 33

narrow strips of land connecting large habitat patches; can help in dispersal