Chapter 11 Book

Question 1

What is the difference of outcomes between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction creates identical clones of the original organism while sexual reproduction a genetically recombined unique cell

Question 2

What is the smaller haploid cell called? The larger?

Answer 2

Smaller is the male and the larger is the female

Question 3

How are haploid cells created

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

What are the names of the stages of Meiosis?

Answer 4

Prophase I and II, Prometaphase I and II, Anaphase I and II, Metaphase I and II, Telophase I and II, Cytokineses, Interkinesis

Question 5

What are the stages of interphase that precede Meiosis?

Answer 5

G1, S, and G2

Question 5

What happens in Prophase I? (6 things)

Answer 5

-homologous chromosomes are attached at their tips to the nuclear envelope
-nuclear envelope begins to break down
-chromosomes condense
-synaptonemal complex forms between homologous chromosomes
-crossing over occurs
-tetrads are visible

Question 5

What happens in Prometaphase I? (3 things)

Answer 5

-spindle fiber microtubules attach to the kinetochore proteins at the centromeres
-tetrads are connected to the poles with homologous chromosomes facing opposite poles
-nuclear membrane completely broken down

Question 6

What are the sources of genetic variation? (3)

Answer 6

crossing over, independent assortment, mutation

Question 7

What happens during Metaphase I? (1 thing)

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 8

what is the formula to know how many possible alignments there are

Answer 8

2 to the power of n

Question 9

what is responsible for genetic variation is Metaphase I

Answer 9

Independent assortment

Question 10

What happens during Anaphase I? (1 thing)

Answer 10

microtubules pull the linked chromosomes apart

Question 11

What happens during Telophase I? (2 things)

Answer 11

-separated chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
-some organisms can recondense chromosomes and reform the nuclear envelope

Question 12

What happens during the first cytokinesis? What is the result?

Answer 12

physical separation of cytoplasmic contents into 2 cells; 2 haploid cells

Question 13

What is the difference between interphase and interkinesis?

Answer 13

Interkinesis does not have an S phase because DNA is not replicated

Question 14

What happens in Prophase II? (3 things)

Answer 14

-condense chromosomes
-nuclear membrane breaks into vesicles
-form new spindles

Question 15

What happens during Prometaphase II? (2 things)

Answer 15

-nuclear envelope is fully broken down and spindle is fully formed
-each sister chromatid attaches to microtubules from opposite poles

Question 16

What happens during Metaphase II? (1 thing)

Answer 16

chromatids maximally condense and align and the cells equator

Question 17

What happens during Anaphase II? (2 things)

Answer 17

-kinetochore microtubules pull apart sister chromatid
-non kinetochore microtubules elongate the cell

Question 18

What happens during Telophase II? (2 things)

Answer 18

-chromosomes arrive at the poles and decondense
-nuclear envelope forms

Question 19

What is the result of the second cytokinesis?

Answer 19

2 cells are divided into 4 haploid cells

Question 20

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: a form of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

Both

Question 21

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: a single nuclear division

Answer 21

Mitosis

Question 22

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: results in 2 new cells that are genetically identical to the original

Answer 22

Mitosis

Question 23

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: create cells with the same ploidy level

Answer 23

mitosis

Question 24

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: 2 nuclear divisions

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: results in 4 cells that are gentically unique

Answer 25

meiosis

Question 26

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: end cells are half of the original ploidy level

Answer 26

meiosis

Question 27

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: synaptonemal complex

Answer 27

Meiosis

Question 28

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: crossing over

Answer 28

Meiosis

Question 29

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: tetrads

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

is the following Meiosis, Mitosis, or both: reduction division

Answer 30

Meiosis

Question 31

What part of Meiosis is analogous to the stages that take place during Mitosis

Answer 31

Meiosis II

Question 32

What reproduction can grow a population faster? Hypothetically, how much faster?

Answer 32

Asexual; twice because males cannot reproduce in sexual reproduction

Question 33

What is the only type of variation in asexual reproduction

Answer 33

Mutation

Question 34

What is characteristic of a diploid-dominant lifestyle? Example

Answer 34

-only haploid cells produced are the gametes which lose the ability to divide -no multicellular haploid lifestyle Ex. humans

Question 35

What is characteristic of a haploid-dominant lifestyle? Example?

Answer 35

-body is haploid -+ and - cells Ex. fungi and algea

Question 36

What is characteristic of alteration of generations? Example?

Answer 36

-blend of the other two -both haploid and diploid cells are part of the life cycle ---gametophyte=haploid ---sporophyte=diploid Ex. Plants