Chapter 11: Expertise Flashcards
1
Q
experts & cognition
A
- enhanced memory within their domain
- make quicker decisions w less information
- perceive deep structure of a problem
- ignore surface details
- produce concrete results
2
Q
experts & perception
A
- see the world differently
- must learn relevant perceptual features in their domain
- focus on abstract/conceptual structures
- subordinate level
- use larger chunks of info effectively
3
Q
experts & categorization
A
- clear mechanisms on how experts & novices differentiate
- preference for deep features over surface features
- influences by their goals
4
Q
experts & categorization example
A
tree experts
- landscape designers sort trees based on landscape utility vs botanical characteristics
- taxonomist = taxonomic
- maintenance = taxonomic & morphological
- landscapers = weed
5
Q
expertise & dual process account
A
- ability to engage/switch between system 1 & 2
- perceive deep structure = system 1
system 2 counterbalances errors
6
Q
how many years/hours of deliberate practice is needed for experts
A
- 10 years/10,000 hours
7
Q
10 years/10,000 hours rule?
A
- NOT a rule - Gladwell
- just b/c you spend 10,000 doing something does NOT mean you will be expert
- ppl oversimplify this rule
8
Q
deliberate practice
A
- practicing something w intent to improve & not just maintain performance
9
Q
who were the Ps in Chi et al. study
A
- experts = PhD students
- novices = undergraduate students
10
Q
Chi et al study results
A
- novice sorted it based on surface features
- experts sorted it based on principle of physics, they have deep feature knowledge
11
Q
who were the Ps in Medin et al. study
A
- tree experts
1. landscape designers = development level
2. park maintenance works = maintenance level
3. taxonomists = scientific level
12
Q
what was the Medin et al study
A
- categorization task
- Ps had to sort 48 trees into as many groups as makes sense & explain why
13
Q
Medin et al. study results
A
- tree landscapers = most flexible
14
Q
medical experts
A
- rely on exemplar retrieval & clinical experience to generate diagnostic hypothesis
