Chapter 11 - Freudian psychoanalysis

Question 1

Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

studied medicine in Vienna and met Franz Brentano

Question 2

Franz Brentano

Answer 2

promoted the act psychology

Question 3

act psychology

Answer 3

distinguishing the subject of psychology from that of the natural sciences
- natural sciences study objects
- the fundamental unit of analysis of psychology is action

Question 4

intentionality

Answer 4

referring to and adopting attitudes or beliefs towards an object

Question 5

Josef Breuer

Answer 5

Freud’s mentor
- treated Bertha Pappenheim

Question 6

Bertha Pappenheim

Answer 6

suffered from severe hysteria symptoms

Question 7

pathogenic ideas

Answer 7

emotions whose cause situation is forgotten

Question 8

conversion

Answer 8

the process where emotional distress is unconsciously transformed into physical symptoms

Question 9

cathartic method

Answer 9

a therapy that involves expressing and releasing repressed emotions to relieve psychological distress
- developed by Breuer

Question 10

pressure technique

Answer 10

patients lay on a couch with their eyes closed, asked to recall the earliest experiences of the symptoms. if the patients were not able to remember, Freud pressed his hand on their foreheads, which indeed helped patients remember repressed memories
- the first technique Freud experimented with

Question 11

free association technique

Answer 11

Freud asked his patients to tell him whatever came to mind. to guide the associations in the direction of the memory he asked the patients specific questions

Question 12

overdetermination

Answer 12

a symptom is not caused by a single factor, but by 2 or more interacting factors

Question 13

intrapsychic conflict

Answer 13

a conscious part of the patient wants to face his problems and be healed, but another unconscious part fears the emotional pain of talking about the memories and tries to sabotage the process
- discovered by Freud

Question 14

seduction theory of hysteria

Answer 14

all hysteria patients must have experienced some form of sexual abuse as a child
- instead of consciously remembering the experience, people unconsciously produce hysterical conversion symptoms

Question 15

manifest content of dreams

Answer 15

the consciously experienced content of a dream

Question 16

latent content of dreams

Answer 16

the hidden content of the dream, which originally inspired the dream but only emerges in consciousness through freee association

Question 17

dream work

Answer 17

• displacement
• condensation
• concrete representation

Question 18

displacement

Answer 18

negative emotions transfer from latent content to the situation you dream about. in a way, a person is experiencing images as less disturhing than the thought that inspired them

Question 19

condensation

Answer 19

2 or more latent thoughts sometimes condense into a single manifest image

Question 20

concrete representation

Answer 20

manifest content usually represents latent ideas through concretely experienced sensations. dreams are experienced not only as thoughts, but also as images, soounds, feelings, etc

Question 21

primary process of thinking (unconscious)

Answer 21

associated with dreaming and symptom formation

Question 22

secondary process of thinking (conscious)

Answer 22

responsible for rational thinking

Question 23

wish-fulfulment hypothesis

Answer 23

the latent content of every dream contains some kind of wish that drives the dream itself

Question 24

polymorphic perversity

Answer 24

different stages in life in which one gets pleasure from different things

Question 25

the oral zone

Answer 25

typical in very young children because they tend to put everything in their mouths in a manner to explore the world around them

Question 26

anal zone

Answer 26

learning how to have toilet habits, how to control your body

Question 27

genital zone

Answer 27

appears in puberty, where the person finds pleasure from another sensation

Question 28

fixation

Answer 28

when a person has not overcome the conflict in one of the 3 phases - they find ways to compensate when they grow older

Question 29

transference

Answer 29

patients transferred traits of important people in their lives to Freud

Question 30

3 structures of the mind

Answer 30

- id - superego - ego

Question 31

id

Answer 31

the body's need for warmth, sensual satisfaction, and survival instincts

Question 32

superego

Answer 32

our ideal projections of moral demands

Question 33

ego

Answer 33

what the conflict between the id and superego forces mediated by

Question 34

repression

Answer 34

occurs when an emotion is expressed in a different situation from the one in which is arrises

Question 35

projection

Answer 35

attributing one's own qualities to someone else

Question 36

denial

Answer 36

happens when a person does not accept an event that has taken place

Question 37

intellectualisation

Answer 37

approaching some impulses and emotionally charged memories directly but in an intellectual way

Question 38

rationalization

Answer 38

aligning our behavior with out theoughts, by explaining our behavior

Question 39

identification

Answer 39

this parent was the ideal of the superego and helped develop a moral requirement for limitations of the id (impulses)

Question 40

displacement

Answer 40

take the emotion from the original output and transfer it in another situation

Question 41

castration complex

Answer 41

when boys love their mother and they want her love, but there is another male in the house (the father), who is also loved by the mother, the boy sees him as a threat

Question 42

penis envy

Answer 42

in a way the girls want to have a penis, but as they do not this creates a source of struggle

Question 43

Horney

Answer 43

thought that castration complex and penis envy were complete nonsense

Question 44

Melanie Klein

Answer 44

made an accurate analysis of relationships between children - refined by Fairbairn and Winnicott

Question 45

object relations

Answer 45

the first emotion is love for the mother, the mother-child relationship is what matters

Question 46

Erik Erikson

Answer 46

worked with children and developed a model of psychosocial development and identity - the most important things people have to discover about themselves

Question 47

Adler

Answer 47

developed the inferiority complex

Question 48

inferiority complex

Answer 48

happens when one is comparing oneself with others - the feeling of inferiority comes from confronting oneself with someone superior

Question 49

Jung

Answer 49

developed his own meta psychological model and thought about collective unconscious - came up with the terms extraversion and intraversion

Question 50

collective unconscious

Answer 50

segment of the deepest unconscious mind is genetically inherited and not shaped by personal experience

Question 51

Carl Rogers

Answer 51

developed client-centered therapy - believed that people were their own best experts

Question 52

Joseph Wolpe

Answer 52

developed behavioral therapy that emphasised symptom relief

Question 53

Aaron Beck

Answer 53

developed cognitive therapy

Question 54

cognitive therapy

Answer 54

seeks to identify and correct incorrect and irrational thoughts