Chapter 11: Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

Question 1

what is another name for leukemias

Answer 1

blasts

Question 2

true or false: lymphomas are tumors that primarily involve the lymph nodes

Answer 2

true

Question 3

where can neoplasms originate from

Answer 3

myeloid and lymphoid lineage

Question 4

what are the categories for both myeloid and lymphoid lineages

Answer 4

myeloid: proliferative diseases, myelodysplastic/proliferative diseases, myelodysplastic syndromes
lymphoid lineage: B-cell neoplasms, T cell/ NK cell neoplasms, Hodgkin disease

Question 5

what are the common WBC malignancies for both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms

Answer 5

myeloid neoplasms: chronic myeloid lineage, acute myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera
lymphoid neoplasm: chronic lymphoid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin disease, and non-hodgkin diseases

Question 6

what are some possible causes for myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms

Answer 6

viruses: EBV, Hodgkin disease
radiation exposure
chemical exposure: benzene 
reduction or alteration in normal hematopoiesis: aplastic anemia
genetic diseases

Question 7

what are some common laboratory findings for hematologic neoplasms

Answer 7

low or high RBC count, low or high platelet count, low or high WBC count, and blasts which are the most immature bone marrows cells (found in blood smear)

Question 8

a patient presents with anemia, how is this diagnosis determined

Answer 8

anemia is defined as having a low RBC count

a patient can be expected to be showing pallow, fatigue, malaise, shortness of breath, and decreased activity tolerance

Question 9

thrombocytopenia is expected to have a low count of what

Answer 9

platelets (below 200,000)

Question 10

what are three examples of treatment

Answer 10

combination chemotherapy
radiation
stem cell transplant

Question 11

what is complete remission defined as

Answer 11

state return to normal hematopoiesis with normal red cell, neutrophil, and platelet count which means no detectable cancer cells

Question 12

true or false: complete remission is not a cure

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is the difference between and autologous vs allogeneic transplantation

Answer 13

autologous= stem cells from patients blood infused 
allogenic= stem cells from closely matched relative

Question 14

describe graft vs leukemia and graft vs host

Answer 14

graft vs leukemia: transplanted cells in the allograft that detect and kill leukemic cells
graft vs host: transplanted cells can mount an immune attack against the host

Question 15

out of graft vs leukemia and graft vs host… which is good

Answer 15

graft vs host

Question 16

what is an example of myelodyplastic disease

Answer 16

AML (acute myelocytic leukemia)

Question 17

what is the difference between myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic diseases

Answer 17

myeloproliferative disease cells are functionally normal, slow progressing, and have a few clinical symptoms
myelodysplastic disease cells morphologically and functionally abnormal, fast progressing, and poor prognosis

Question 18

a common feature found on CBC analysis for myeloproliferative disease is

Answer 18

overproduction of functional blood cells

Question 19

what is the most common type of AML

Answer 19

acute granulocytic leukemia

Question 20

true or false: the prognosis of AML is <50% children and 25% adults survive long term

Answer 20

true

Question 21

true or false: 95% are malignant B-cell precursors fro chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)

Answer 21

true

Question 22

true or false: ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma) is primarily an adults disorder, the most common malignancy making it the second most leading cause of death for this population

Answer 22

false: in children

Question 23

what cells characterize a malignant disorder of lymph nodes

Answer 23

reed-sternberg cells

Question 24

true or false: non-hodgkin lymphomas don’t have reed-sternberg cells but most do arise from B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what stages do most patients present when dealing with non-hodgkins

Answer 25

stage III and IV