Chapter 16: Alterations of blood pressure Flashcards
systemic arterial blood pressure is a physiologic result of what?
cardiac output in the resistance to the ejection of blood from the heart
what is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?
systolic: exerted when blood is ejected from ventricles (high)
diastolic: sustained pressure when ventricles relax (low)
what is used clinically as part of cardiovascular assessment?
mean arterial pressure (map) is calculated average pressure within the circulatory system
out of the korokthoff sounds, which is classified as a systolic and diastolic pressure?
phase 1: initiated of a clear tapping sound (systolic P)
phase 5: disappearance of sound (diastolic P)
according to the American heart association, what are the guidelines for hypertension grade 1 and 2 for both pressures?
hypertension grade 1: systolic (130-139 mmHg) and diastolic (80-90 mmHg)
hypertension grade 2: systolic (> 140 mmHg) and diastolic (>90 mmHg)
what is the short term regulation mechanism mediated by ?
sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system
what activates the vasomotor center directly and indirectly?
directly: various stimuli
indirectly: pressure sensitive baroreceptor
beta receptors of the heart increase or decrease heart rate?
increase
when the kidney is stimulated by low arterial pressure, what happens?
release of renin, which activates angiotensin to angiotensin 1
what is the function of aldosterone?
a hormone that causes reabsorption of sodium and water passively follows
what is the most common primary diagnosis in the U.S?
hypertension
describe hypertensive crisis
systolic over 180
diastolic over 120
true or false: primary essential hypertension, majority of the cases are caused unknown
true essential hypertenion (idiopathic = cause unknown)
what does the silent killer refer to?
primary hypertension
damage has already occurred
what constitutes a hypertensive emergency?
sudden increase in either/ or both systolic and diastolic pressure with evidence of end-organ damage
