Chapter 11 Section 2 Flashcards
What does the sentence “the Church dominated people’s lives from the cradle to the grave” mean?
It means that the church was in charge of people from the time they are born, to the time the die. So, basically their whole life.
How was Christianity a unifying force in medieval Europe?
Christianity was a unifying force because the church baptized, married, pardoned, and buried everyone from serfs to kings. It promised that good people would go to heaven and the wicked would be punished after death.
What did the conflict between Henry IV and Gregory VII signify?
It signified that there was a power struggle between the kings and the church.
What issue provoked the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII?
King Henry IV was hiring new priests to become bishops and Pope Gregory VII claimed that they were religious appointments and should be his decision.
How was the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII finally resolved?
It was finally resolved by Gregory shut Henry out of the church, and eventually got his way because Henry knew that if he didn’t obey, he would lose his throne.
What is common law?
Common law is a system of law established in the 1100s that sought to ensure that people throughout England received equal treatment.
What did the Magna Carta do?
The Magna Carta was meant to be just a contract between the king and his nobles. However, the Magna Carta made the king subject to the law of the land and limited his authority.
What is parliament?
Parliament is the nobles that overruled Henry’s authority and put together a council of 15 men to advise the king and limit his power.
What did the parliament Edward I assemble consist of?
The parliament Edward I assemble consisted of 2 knights from every county and 2 residents from each town.
What major step toward democratic government occurred under English king Edward I?
They passed laws, imposed taxes, and discussed political and judicial matters.
Who called for the Crusades and why?
Pope Urban II declared the Crusades because he wanted to reclaim The Holy Land.
Against what group of people did Pope Urban II declare the Crusades?
Pope Urban II declared the Crusades against Muslims.
What was the military outcome of the Crusades?
The military outcome of the Crusades was
the Crusades took over Palestine
What purpose did the Reconquista serve?
The purpose of the Reconquista was to drive the Muslim’s off the peninsula.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
The Spanish Inquisition was a powerful court that was used to punish non-Christians.
What conflict gave rise to the Hundred Years War?
When Edward III invaded France to claim the throne was what gave rise to the Hundred Years War.
Who helped turn the tide for the French in the war?
Joan of Arc’s religious and patriotic passion inspired her soldiers to win a battle that helped turn the tide for the French in the war.
Describe the longbow
The powerful longbow allowed archers to fire arrows with enough force to pierce a knight’s armor.
What was the bubonic plague?
The bubonic plague was a devastating disease that swept through Europe.
How much of Europe’s population were killed by the bubonic plague?
The Bubonic plague had killed about one third of Europe’s population.
What economic opportunities did towns offer ordinary people that contributed to the end of feudalism and the middle ages?
With about a third of the workforce wiped out by the disease, employers desperate for help increased wages to attract workers. Many peasants, and many serfs as well, left the manor to apply for jobs in the towns.
What are burghers?
Burghers are wealthy town-dwelling merchants, who could be elected to sit on governing councils.
Describe guilds.
Guilds are groups of craftspeople, such as shoemakers or silversmiths.
How did the growth of towns affect monarchs?
The growth of towns and their prosperous trade further helped kings regain their authority.
