Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards
(326 cards)
1
Q
Abduct
A
Move away from midline in the sagittal plane
2
Q
Abductor
A
Moves the bone away from the midline
3
Q
Abductor digiti minimi
A
Muscle that abducts the little finger
4
Q
Abductor pollicis brevis
A
Muscle that abducts the thumb
5
Q
Abductor pollicis longus
A
Muscle that inserts into the first metacarpal
6
Q
Adductor
A
Moves the bone toward midline
7
Q
Adductor brevis
A
Muscle that adducts and medially rotates the thigh
8
Q
Adductor longus
A
Muscle that adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh
9
Q
Adductor magnus
A
Muscle with an anterior fascicle that adducts, medially rotates and flexes the thigh, and a posterior fascicle that assists in thigh extension
10
Q
Adductor pollicis
A
Muscle that adducts the thumb
11
Q
Agonist
A
(Also, prime mover) muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular motion
12
Q
Anal triangle
A
Posterior triangle of the perineum that includes the anus
13
Q
Anconeus
A
Small muscle on the lateral posterior elbow that extends the forearm
14
Q
Antagonist
A
Muscle that opposes the action of an agonist
15
Q
Anterior compartment of the arm
A
(Anterior flexor compartment of the arm) the biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
16
Q
Anterior compartment of the forearm
A
(Anterior flexor compartment of the forearm) deep and superficial muscles that originate on the humerus and insert into the hand
17
Q
Anterior compartment of the leg
A
Region that includes muscles that dorsiflex the foot
18
Q
Anterior compartment of the thigh
A
Region that includes muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg
19
Q
Anterior scalene
A
A muscle anterior to the middle scalene
20
Q
Appendicular
A
Of the arms and legs
21
Q
Axial
A
Of the trunk and head
22
Q
Belly
A
Bulky central body of a muscle
23
Q
Bi-
A
Two
24
Q
Biceps brachii
A
Two-headed muscle that crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm while assisting in supinating it and flexing the arm at the shoulder
25
Biceps femoris
Hamstring muscle
26
Bipennate
Pennate muscle that has fascicles that are located on both sides of the tendon
27
Brachialis
Muscle deep to the biceps brachii that provides power in flexing the forearm
28
Brachioradialis
Muscle that can flex the forearm quickly or help lift a load slowly
29
Brevis
Short
30
Buccinator
Muscle that compresses the cheek
31
Calcaneal tendon
(Also, Ahcilles tendon) strong tendon that inserts into the calcaneal bone of the ankle
32
Caval opening
Opening in the diaphragm that allows the inferior vena cava to pass through; foramen for the vena cava
33
Circular
(Also, sphincter) fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening
34
Compressor urethrae
Deep perineal muscle in women
35
Convergent
Fascicles that extend over a broad area and converge on a common attachment site
36
Coracobrachialis
Muscle that flexes and adducts the arm
37
Corrugator supercilii
Prime mover of the eyebrows
38
Deep anterior compartment
Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
39
Deep posterior compartment of the forearm
(Deep posterior extensor compartment of the forearm) The abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
40
Deep transverse perineal
Deep perineal muscle in men
41
Deglutition
Swallowing
42
Deltoid
Shoulder muscle that abducts the arm as well as flexes and medially rotates it, and extends and laterally rotates it
43
Diaphragm
Skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is dome-shaped at rest
44
Digastric
Muscle that has anterior and posterior bellies and elevates the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible
45
Dorsal group
Region that includes the extensor digitorum brevis
46
Dorsal interossei
Muscles that abduct and flex the three middle fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend them at the interphalangeal joints
47
Epicranial aponeurosis
(Also, galea aponeurosis) flat broad tendon that connects the frontalis and occipitalis
48
Erector spinae group
Large muscle mass of the back; primary extensor of the vertebral column
49
Extensor
Muscle that increases the angle at the joint
50
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist
51
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscle that extends and adducts the hand
52
Extensor digiti minimi
Muscle that extends the little finger
53
Extensor digitorum
Muscle that extends the hand at the wrist and the phalanges
54
Extensor digitorum brevis
Muscle that extends the toes
55
Extensor digitorum longus
Muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior
56
Extensor hallucis longus
Muscle that is partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
57
Extensor indicis
Muscle that inserts onto the tendon on the extensor digitorum of the index finger
58
Extensor pollicus brevis
Muscle that inserts onto the base of the proximal phalanc of the thumb
59
Extensor pollicis longus
Muscle that inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
60
Extensor radialis longus
Muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist
61
Extensor retinaculum
Band of connective tissue that extends over the dorsal surface of the hand
62
Extensor intercostal
Superficial intercostal muscles that raise the rib cage
63
External oblique
Superficial abdominal muscle with fascicles that extend inferiorly and medially
64
Extrinsic eye muscles
Originate outside the eye and insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye, and create eyeball movement
65
Extrinsic muscles of the hand
Muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers and originate on the arm
66
Fascicle
Muscle fibers bundled by perimysium into a unit
67
Femoral triangle
Region formed at the junction between the hip and the leg and includes the pectineus, femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes
68
Fibularis brevis
(Also, peroneus brevis) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints
69
Fibularis longus
(Also, peroneus longus) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints
70
Fibularis tertius
Small muscle that is associated with the extensor digitorum longus
71
Fixator
Synergist that assists an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonis
72
Flexion
Movement that decreases the angle of a joint
73
Flexor
Muscle that decreases the angle at the joint
74
Flexor carpi radialis
Muscle that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist
75
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscle that flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist
76
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Muscle that flexes the little finger
77
Flexor digitorum longus
Muscle that flexes the four small toes
78
Flexor digitorum profundus
Muscle that flexes the phalanges of the fingers and the hand at the wrist
79
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Muscle that flexes the hand and the digits
80
Flexor hallucis longus
Muscle that flexes the big toe
81
Flexor pollicis brevis
Muscle that flexes the thumb
82
Flexor pollicis longus
Muscle that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb
83
Flexor retinaculum
Band of connective tissue that extends over the palmar surface of the hand
84
Frontalis
Front part of the occipitofrontalis muscle
85
Fusiform
Muscle that has fascicles that are spindle-shaped to create large bellies
86
Gastrocnemius
Most superficial muscle of the calf
87
Genioglossus
Muscle that originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward
88
Geniohyoid
Muscle that depresses the mandible, and raises and pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly
89
Gluteal group
Muscle group that extends, flexes, rotates, adducts, and abducts the femur
90
Gluteus maximus
Largest of the gluteus muscles that extends the femur
91
Gluteus medius
Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus that abducts the femur at the hip
92
Gluteus minimus
Smallest of the gluteal muscles and deep to the gluteus medius
93
Gracilis
Muscle that adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee
94
Hamstring group
Three long muscles on the back of the leg
95
Hyoglossus
Muscle that originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it
96
Hypthenar
Group of muscles on the medial aspect of the palm
97
Hypthenar eminence
Rounded contour of muscle at the base of the little finger
98
Iliacus
Muscle that, along with the psoas major, makes up the iliopsoas
99
Iliococcygeus
Muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the pubococcygeus
100
Iliocostalis cervicis
Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the cervical region
101
Iliocostalis group
Laterally placed muscles of the erector spinae
102
Iliocostalis lumborum
Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the lumbar region
103
Iliocostalis thoracis
Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the thoracic region
104
Iliopsoas group
Muscle group consisting of the iliacus and psoas major muscles, that flexes the thigh at the hip, rotates it laterally, and flexes the trunk of the body onto the hip
105
Iliotibial tract
Muscle that inserts onto the tibia; made up of the gluteus maximus and connective tissues of the tensor faciae latae
106
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Crucuiate ligament of the ankle
107
Inferior gemellus
Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface on the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
108
Infrahyoid muscles
Anterior neck muscles that are attached to, and inferior to the hyoid bone
109
Infraspinatus
Muscle that laterally rotates the arm
110
Innermost intercostal
The deepest intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together
111
Insertion
End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the structure (usually a bone) that is moved when the muscle contracts
112
Intercostal muscles
Muscles that span the spaces between the ribs
113
Intermediate
Group of midpalmar muscles
114
Internal intercostal
Muscles the intermediate intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together
115
Internal oblique
Flat, intermediate abdominal muscle with fascicles that run perpendicular to those of the external oblique
116
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
Muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers, and originate in the palm
117
Ischiococcygeus
Muscle that assists the levator ani and pulls the coccyx anteriorly
118
Lateral compartment of the leg
Region that includes the fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis and their associated blood vessels and nerves
119
Lateral pterygoid
muscle that moves the mandible from side to side
120
Lateralis
To the outside
121
Latissimus dorsi
Broad, triangular axial muscle located on the inferior part of the back
122
Levator ani
Pelvic muscle that resists intra-abdominal pressure and supports the pelvic viscera
123
Linea alba
White, fibrous band that runs along the midline of the trunk
124
Longissimus capitis
Muscle of the longissimus group associated with the head region
125
Longissimus cervicis
Muscle of the longissimus group associated with the cervical region
126
Longissimus group
Intermediately placed muscles of the erector spinae
127
Longissimus thoracis
Muscles of the longissimus group associated with the thoracic region
128
Longus
Long
129
Lumbrical
Muscle that flexes each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints
130
Masseter
Main muscle for chewing that elevates the mandible to close the mouth
131
Mastication
Chewing
132
Maximus
Largest
133
Medial compartment of the thigh
A region that includes the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
134
Medial pterygoid
Muscle that moves the mandible from side to side
135
Medialis
to the inside
136
Medius
Medium
137
Middle scalene
Longest scalene muscle, located between the anterior and posterior scalenes
138
Minimus
Smallest
139
Multifidus
Muscle of the lumbar region that helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column
140
Multipennate
Pennate muscle that has a tendon branching within it
141
Mylohyoid
Muscle that lifts the hyoid bone and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth
142
Oblique
At an angle
143
Obtruator externus
Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
144
Obturator internus
Muscle deep tot he gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
145
Occipitalis
Posterior part of the occiptiofrontalis muscle
146
Occipitofrontalis
Muscle that makes up the scalp with a frontal belly and an occipital belly
147
Omohyoid
Muscle that has superior and inferior bellies and depresses the hyoid bone
148
Opponens digiti minimi
Muscle that brings the little finger across the palm to meet the thumb
149
Opponens pollicis
Muscles that moves the thumb across the palm to meet another finger
150
Orbicularis oculi
Circular muscle that closes the eye
151
Orbicularis oris
Circular muscle that moves the lips
152
Origin
End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to another structure (usually a bone) in a fixed position
153
Palatoglossus
Muscle that originate on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue
154
Palmar interossei
Muscles that abduct and flex each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints
155
Palmaris longus
Muscle that provides weak flexion of the hand at the wrist
156
Parallel
Fascicles that extend in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle
157
Patellar ligament
Extension of the quadriceps tendon below the patella
158
Pectineus
Muscle that abducts and flexes the femur at the hip
159
Pectoral girdle
Shoulder girdle, made up of the clavicle and scapula
160
Pectoralis major
Thick, fan-shaped axial muscle that covers much of the superior thorax
161
Pectoralis minor
Muscle that moves the scapula and assists in inhalation
162
Pelvic diaphragm
Muscular sheet that comprises the levator ani and the ischiococcygeus
163
Pelvic girdle
Hips, a foundation for the lower limb
164
Pennate
Fascicles that are arranged differently based on their angles to the tendon
165
Perineum
Diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities
166
Piriformis
Muscle deep to the gluteus Maximus in the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
167
Plantar aponeurosis
Muscle that supports the longitudinal arch of the foot
168
Plantar group
Four-layered group of intrinsic foot muscles
169
Plantaris
Muscle that runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and the soleus
170
Popliteal fossa
Diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee
171
Popliteus
Muscle that flexes the leg at the knee and creates the floor of the popliteal fossa
172
Posterior compartment of the leg
Region that includes the superficial gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, and the deep popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, and tibialis posterior
173
Posterior compartment of the thigh
Region that includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh
174
Posterior scalene
Smallest scalene muscle, locates posterior to the middle scalene
175
Prime mover
(Also, agonist) principle muscle involved in an action
176
Pronator teres
Pronator that originates in the humerus and inserts in the radius
177
Psoas major
Muscle that, along with the iliacus, makes up the iliopsoas
178
Pubococcygeus
Muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the iliococcygeus
179
Quadratus femoris
Muscle deep to the gluteus Maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
180
Quadratus lumborum
Posterior part of the abdominal wall that helps with posture and stabilization of the body
181
Quadriceps femoris group
Four muscles, that extend and stabilize the knee
182
Quadriceps tendon
(Also, patellar tendon) tendon common to all four quadriceps muscles, inserts into the patella
183
Rectus
Straight
184
Rectus abdominis
Long, linear muscle that extends along the middle of the trunk
185
Rectus femoris
Quadriceps muscle on the anterior aspect of the thigh
186
Rectus sheaths
Tissue that makes up the lines Alba
187
Retinacula
Fibrous brands that sheath the tendons at the wrist
188
Rhomboid major
Muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae
189
Rhomboid minor
Muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae
190
Rotator cuff
(Also, musculotendinous cuff) the circle of tendons around the shoulder joint
191
Sartorius
Band-like muscle that flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip
192
Scalene muscles
Flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head; contribute to deep inhalation
193
Segmental muscle group
Interspinales and intertransversarii muscles that bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra
194
Semimembranosus
Hamstring muscle
195
Semispinalis capitis
Tranversospinales muscle associated with the head region
196
Semispinalis cervicis
Tranversospinales muscle associated with the thoracic region
197
Semitendinosus
Hamstring muscle
198
Serratus anterior
Large flat muscle that originates on the ribs and inserts onto the scapula
199
Soleus
Wide, flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius
200
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Deep perineal muscle in women
201
Spinalis capitis
Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the head region
202
Spinalis cervicis
Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the cervical region
203
Spinalis group
Medially placed muscles of the erector spinae
204
Spinalis thoracis
Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the thoracic region
205
Splenius
Posterior neck muscles; includes the splenius capitis and splenius cerivicis
206
Splenius capitis
Neck muscle that inserts into the head region
207
Splenius cervicis
Neck muscle that inserts into the cervical region
208
Sternocleidomastoid
Major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head
209
Sternohyoid
Muscle that depresses the hyoid bone
210
Sternothyroid
Muscle that depresses the larynx's thyroid cartilage
211
Styloglossus
Muscle that originates on the styloid bone, and allows upward and backward motion of the tongue
212
Stylohyoid
Muscle that elevates the hyoid bone posteriorly
213
Subclavius
Muscle that stabilizes the clavicle during movement
214
Subscapularis
Muscle that originates on the anterior scapular and medially rotates the arm
215
Superficial anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
216
Superficial posterior compartment of the forearm
Extensor radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and their associated blood vessels and nerves
217
Superior extensor retinaculum
Transverse ligament of the ankle
218
Superior gemellus
Muscle deep the the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip
219
Supinator
Muscle that moves the palm and foearm anteriorly
220
Suprahyoid muscles
Neck muscles that are superior to the hyoid bone
221
Supraspinatus
Muscle that abducts the arm
222
Synergist
Muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action
223
Temporalis
Muscle that retracts the mandible
224
Tendinous intersections
Three transverse bands of collagen fibers that divide the rectus abdominis into segments
225
Tensor fascia lata
Muscle that flexes and abducts the thigh
226
Teres major
Muscle that extends the arm and assists in adduction and medial rotation of it
227
Teres minor
Muscle that laterally rotates and extends the arm
228
Thenar
Group of muscles on the lateral aspect of the palm
229
Thenar eminence
Rounded contour of muscle at the base of the thumb
230
Thyrohyoid
Muscle that depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx's thyroid cartilage
231
Tibialis anterior
Muscle located on the lateral surface of the tibia
232
Tibialis posterior
Muscle that plantar flexes and inverts the foot
233
Tranversospinales
Muscles that originate at the transverse processes and insert at the spinous processes of the vertebrae
234
Transversus abdominis
Deep layer of the abdomen that has fascicles arranged transversely around the abdomen
235
Trapezius
Muscle that stabilizes the upper part of the back
236
Tri-
Three
237
Triceps brachii
Three-headed muscle that extends the forearm
238
Unipennate
Pennate muscle that has fascicles located on one side of the tendon
239
Urogenital triangle
Anterior triangle of the perineum that includes the external genitals
240
Vastus intermedius
Quadricep muscle that is between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and is deep to the rectus femoris
241
Vastus lateralis
Quadricep muscle on the lateral aspect of the thigh
242
Vastus medialis
Quadricep muscle on the medial aspect of the thigh
243
What two things does each skeletal muscle have?
Origin
| Insertion
244
What is an insertion?
The end of the muscle that attached to the bone being pulled
245
What is an origin?
The end of the muscle attached to a fixed, or stabilized, bone
246
What is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement called?
Prime mover
247
What are the muscles that assist in the movement called?
Synergists
248
What is a fixator?
A synergist that makes the insertion site more stable
249
What is a muscle called when it has the opposite action of the prime mover?
Agonist
250
What is a factor that contribute to the force generated by skeletal muscles?
Arrangement of fascicles in the skeletal muscle: can be parallel, circular, convergent, pennate, fusiform, or triangular
Each arrangement has its own range of motion and ability to do work
251
How are skeletal muscles named?
Can be based on:
- Location
- Size and location
- Bones associated with it
- Shapes
- Origin or insertion
252
The two groups that muscles fall into are?
Axial
| Appendicular
253
How are axial muscles grouped?
Location
Function
Both
254
How do facial muscles create facial expressions?
Insert into the skin rather than onto bone
255
How are the muscles that move the eye extrinsic?
Originate outside of the eye and insert into it
256
Is the tongue intrinsic or extrinsic?
Both
257
What does the genioglossus do?
Depresses the tongue and moves it anteriorly
258
What does the styloglossus do?
Lifts the tongue and retracts it
259
What does the palatoglossus do?
Elevates the back of the tongue
260
What does the hypoglossus do?
Depresses and flattens the tongue
261
What do the muscles of the anterior neck facilitate?
Swallowing and speech
| Stabilize the hyoid bone and position of the larynx
262
What do the muscles of the neck do?
Stabilize and move the head
263
What does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck into?
Anterior and posterior triangles
264
The muscles of the back and neck that move the vertebral column are complex, overlapping, and can be divided into how many groups?
5
- Splenius group
- Erector spinae
- Transversospinales
- Segmental
- Scalenes
265
What muscles are included in the splenius group?
Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
266
What muscles are included in the erector spinae group?
Has three subgroups:
- Iliocostalis (iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum)
- Longissimus (longissimus capitis, the longissimus cervicis, and the longissimus thoracis)
- Spinalis (the spinalis capitis, the spinalis cervicis, and the spinalis thoracis)
267
What muscles are included in the transversospinales group?
Semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores
268
What muscles are included in the segmental group?
Interspinales and intertransversarii
269
What muscles are included in the scalene group?
Anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene
270
What is the abdominal wall made of and what does it do?
- Skin, fascia, and four pairs of muscle
| - Protects the organs located in the abdomen and moves the vertebral column
271
What are the muscles that make up the anterior abdominal wall?
- Rectus abdominus (extends the entire length of the trunk)
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transverse abdominus
272
What muscle forms the posterior abdominal wall?
Quadratus lumborum
273
What large role do the muscles do the thorax play?
Breathing (especially the diaphragm)
274
As the diaphragm contracts and flattens, the volume inside the pleural cavities increase, the pressure within them....
decreases (causing air flow into lungs)
275
What muscles help shape the rib cage and the volume-pressure ratio inside the pleural cavities during inspiration and expiration?
Internal and external intercostal muscles
276
What role does the perineum play?
- Urination in both sexes
- Ejaculation in men
- Vaginal contraction in women
277
What do the pelvic floor muscles do?
Support the pelvic organs, resist intra-abdominal pressure, and work as sphincters for the urethra, rectum, and vagina
278
What makes up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
279
What does the pectoral girdle do?
Provide a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus
280
Where are the muscles that position and stabilize the pectoral girdle located?
The thorax
281
What are the anterior thoracic muscles?
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
282
What are the posterior thoracic muscles?
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
283
How many muscles cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?
9
284
What muscles originate on the axial skeleton that cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
285
What muscles originate on the scapula that cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?
```
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Coracobrachials
```
286
What are the forearm flexors?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
287
What are the forearm extensors?
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
288
What are the pronators of the forearm?
Pronator teres
| Pronator quadratus
289
What sit he only muscle that turns the forearm anteriorlly?
Supinator
290
Where do extrinsic muscles of the hands originate from in order to facilitate crude movements of the wrists, hands, and fingers?
Along the forearm and insert into the hand
291
What does the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm produce?
Flexion
292
What muscles are part of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
293
What does the deep anterior compartment of the forearm produce?
Flexion
294
What muscles are part of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm produce?
Flexor pollicis longus
| Flexor digitorum profundus
295
What does the superficial posterior compartment produce?
Extension
296
What muscles are part of the superficial posterior compartment?
```
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum p
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
```
297
What does the deep posterior compartment produce?
Extension
298
What muscles are part of the deep posterior compartment?
Abductor longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
299
What do the intrinsic muscles of the hand allow?
Precise movements - typing and writing
300
Where do intrinsic muscles in the hand originate and insert?
In the hand
301
Where are the thenar muscles located?
On the lateral part of the palm
302
What muscles are part of the thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis breis
Adductor pollicis
303
Where are the hypothenar muscles located?
Medial part of the palm
304
What muscles are part of the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
305
Where are the intermediate muscles of the hand located?
In the middle of the palm
306
What muscles are part of the intermediate hand muscles?
Lumbricals
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei
307
The pelvic girdle attaches____?
The legs to the axial skeleton.
| Hip joint is where the pelvic girdle and leg come together.
308
What muscles form the iliopsoas? Where is this located?
The gluteal region of the pelvic girdle.
| Psoas major and iliacus.
309
How do the three gluteus muscles act on the femur?
Extend and abduct
310
What muscles form the iliotibial tract?
Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles
311
What are the lateral rotator of the femur at the hip?
```
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Superior gemelles
Inferior gemelles
Quadracepts femoris
```
312
What muscles are located on the medial part of the thigh and adduct and medially rotate it?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
313
What are the three compartments on the thigh that move the femur?
Medial
Anterior
Posterior
314
What does the medial compartment of the thigh include?
Adductors
Pectineus
Gracilis
315
What does the anterior compartment of the thigh include?
Quadriceps femoris
Quadriceps tendon
Patellar ligament
Sartorius
316
What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medius
Vastus intermedius
317
What doe the quadriceps muscles do?
Extend the knee
318
What does the posterior compartment of the thigh include?
Hamstrings:
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendiosus
- Semimembranosus
319
What do the hamstrings do?
Flex at the knee
320
What are the leg compartments?
Anterior
Lateral
Superficial posterior
Deep posterior
321
What does the anterior leg compartment include?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
322
What does the lateral compartment of the leg include?
Fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis
323
What does the superficial posterior compartment of the leg include?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
324
What does the deep posterior compartment of the leg include?
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
325
Which of the following is unique to the muscles of the facial expression?
a. the all originate from the scalp musculature
b. They insert into the cartilage found around the face
c. They only insert onto the facial bones
d. They insert into the skin
d. They insert into the skin
326
Which of the following helps an agonist work?
a. synergist
b. fixator
c. insertion
d. an antagonist
a. synergist
