Chapter 11.3.2 (Exam 2) Mitosis Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cells Divide by Mitosis (8 cards)
What are kinetochores?
They are protein structures that develop at the centromeres (the centers of the chromosomes) and are the place where the spindles attach
They develop on each chromatid
What happens during prometaphase?
During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle forms
What happens during metaphase?
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
What happens during anaphase?
During anaphase, separation of sister chromatids is controlled by M phase cyclin (CDKs); it activates anaphase-promoting complex (APC)
APC results in the cohesin that holds the chromatids together being hydrolyzed by separase
What are the chromatids called after separation? What causes this distinction?
Daughter chromosomes
Chromatids share a centromere.
Chromosomes have their own centromere
What happens in telophase?
Daughter chromosomes reach the poles
Nuclear membrane reforms
What happens in the cytokinesis of animal cells?
In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches in between the nuclei
A contractile ring of microfilaments of actin and associated myosin forms; the proteins interact to contract and pinch the cell in two
What happens in cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm
