Chapter 7.2.2 (Exam 4) Receptors Flashcards
Receptors Bind Signals to Initiate a Cellular Response (10 cards)
What are the 3 types of membrane receptors?
Gated ion channels
Protein kinase receptors
G protein-coupled receptors
What is the role of gated ion channels? How do they function?
Gated ion channels allow ions to enter or leave a cell
How do gated ion channels function?
Signal binding results in change in shape of the channel protein, and the channel opens
What is one example of a gated ion channel?
The acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells is a ligand-gated ion channel
What is the role of protein kinase receptors?
Protein kinase receptors catalyze phosphorylation of themselves and/or others, which changes their shape
What is one example of a protein kinase receptor?
The insulin receptor phosphorylates itself and other insulin response substrates, which initiates insertion of glucose transporters into the cell membrane
What is the role of G protein-coupled receptors?
Signal binding to receptor activates a G protein, which then activates an effector protein
What is the structure of a G protein? How does this apply in activation of an effector protein?
G proteins have three subunits
When activated, one subunit moves through the cell membrane to an effector protein
What are intracellular receptors?
Intracellular receptors respond to signals such as light or chemicals that can cross the cell membrane
Many are transcription factors
After binding their ligands, they move to the nucleus, bind to DNA, and alter gene expression
What is one example of an intracellular receptor?
A cortisol receptor
