Chapter 16.2.1 (Exam 4) Transcription Factors Flashcards
Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Regulated by Transcription Factors (10 cards)
What are the 6 points that expression of eukaryotic genes can be regulated?
Before, during, and after transcription
Before, during, and after translation
How is the initiation of transcription regulated?
Eukaryote promoters
What are eukaryote promoters and what do they contain?
Sequences near the 5’ end of the coding region that contain the:
TATA box—where the DNA begins to denature (very common)
Regulatory sequences recognized by transcription factors
What are transcription factors?
Regulatory proteins
that control transcription
What are the two types of transcription factors (TFs)?
General TFs
Specific TFs
What is the role of general TFs?
General transcription factor (TFIID) bind to TATA box; then other factors bind to form an initiation complex
RNA polymerase II can only bind to the promoter after general TFs have assembled on the chromosome
Each general transcription factor has a role in gene expression
What are some other regulatory elements in transcription?
Enhancers and silencers
What is the role of enhancers?
Short DNA sequences that bind TFs that activate or increase the rate of transcription (positive regulation)
Activators bind enhancers
What is the role of silencers?
Short DNA sequences that bind TFs that repress transcription (negative regulation)
Repressors bind to silencers
Where are activators and repressors located?
They are synthesized in the cytoplasm and sent to the nucleus
