Chapter 12

Question 1

what are the main influences on self control

Answer 1

parents

temperament

Question 2

is self control low with strict parents?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

piaget’s view of moral development

Answer 3

moral reasoning progresses through series of stages, driven by cognitive development and interactions with peers

Question 4

what age is stage 1 of piaget’s moral development

Answer 4

2-4

Question 5

what age is stage 2 of piaget’s moral development

Answer 5

5-7

Question 6

what age is stage 3 of piaget’s moral development

Answer 6

8-10

Question 7

premoral stage (1)

Answer 7

have not developed moral sensibility

Question 8

moral realism stage (2)

Answer 8

believe rules are created by wise adults and must be followed and cant be changed

Question 9

heteronomous morality

Answer 9

absolute rules handed down by another that focus on amount of damage caused

Question 10

immanent justice

Answer 10

breaking a rule always leads to punishment

Question 11

moral relativism stage (3)

Answer 11

rules are created by people to help them get along

Question 12

autonomous morality

Answer 12

morality based on free will that considers intentions and consequences

Question 13

3 levels of kohlberg’s theory

Answer 13

preconventional
conventional
postconventional

Question 14

preconventional level

Answer 14

moral reasoning controlled solely by obedience to authority and by rewards and punishments

Question 15

conventional level

Answer 15

moral decision making based on social norms

Question 16

postconventional level

Answer 16

moral decisions/reasoning are based on personal moral principles

Question 17

what are the 2 stages under preconventional level?

Answer 17

obedience orientation

instrumental orientation

Question 18

obedience orientation

Answer 18

people think adults know what’s right/wrong, so a person should do what adult says to avoid punishment

Question 19

instrumental orientation

Answer 19

people look out for their own needs so we are nice to others as we expected the favour to be returned

Question 20

what are the 2 stages under conventional level?

Answer 20

interpersonal norms

social system morality

Question 21

interpersonal norms

Answer 21

thinking you should act accordingly to others expectations

Question 22

what is the aim of interpersonal norms

Answer 22

win approval by being as a good person would be

Question 23

social system morality

Answer 23

believe social roles, expectations and laws exists to maintain order in society and promote good

Question 24

what are the 2 stages under postconventional level?

Answer 24

social contract orientation

universal ethical principles

Question 25

social contract orientation

Answer 25

agree that members of cultural group stick to social contract because a common set of expectations and laws no longer promotes welfare of individuals

Question 26

universal ethical principles

Answer 26

abstract ideas (equality, justice) form personal moral code that may conflict with society's expectations and laws

Question 27

can you skip stages in kohlberg's theory?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what stages of kohlberg's theory are common in kids and young adults

Answer 28

stages 1-2

Question 29

kohlberg's theory does not describe what aspect of moral reasoning in other cultures very well?

Answer 29

individual rights and justice

Question 30

what was gilligan's critique of kohlberg

Answer 30

kohlberg emphasis on justice applies more to males

Question 31

what does gilligan emphasize?

Answer 31

care instead of justice

Question 32

stage 1 of gilligan's theory

Answer 32

children are preoccupied with their own needs

Question 33

stage 2 of gilligan's theory

Answer 33

people care for others, mainly those who are less able to care for themselves

Question 34

stage 3 of gilligan's theory

Answer 34

people care for others and themselves by emphasizing caring in all human relationships and by denouncing exploitations and violence between people

Question 35

what are the 3 domains of social judgement

Answer 35

moral transgression social conventions personal domain

Question 36

moral transgression

Answer 36

actions can harm someone

Question 37

social conventions

Answer 37

arbitrary standards of behaviour agreed to by cultural group to facilitate interactions within the group

Question 38

personal domain

Answer 38

pertains to choices concerning ones body and choices of friends or activities

Question 39

what culture are white lies common in

Answer 39

western

Question 40

what culture are blue lies common in

Answer 40

chinese

Question 41

3 components of innate moral sense

Answer 41

moral goodness moral evaluation moral retribution

Question 42

moral goodness

Answer 42

feeling concern for others and helping them when in need

Question 43

moral evaluation

Answer 43

identifying and disliking group members who do not cooperate

Question 44

moral retribution

Answer 44

punishing group members whose behaviour undermines the group

Question 45

instrumental aggression

Answer 45

using aggression to achieve explicit goals

Question 46

hostile aggression

Answer 46

goal is to intimidate harass or humiliate another child

Question 47

reactive aggression

Answer 47

verbal aggression where kids try to hurt others by undermining social relationships

Question 48

who partakes in reactive aggression more

Answer 48

girls