Chapter 12 Flashcards
- _____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.
A. Ability
B. Inducement
C. Assurance
D. Motivation
D. Motivation
- The three basic elements in the process of motivation are:
A. needs, abilities, and desires.
B. desires, drives, and accomplishments.
C. needs, drives, and goal attainment.
D. perceptions, attitudes, and goal attainment.
C. needs, drives, and goal attainment.
- One of the generally agreed-on starting assumptions about work motivation in the international arena is that the motivation process is:
A. universal.
B. indefinable.
C. reversible.
D. cyclical.
A. universal.
- The factors Welsh, Luthans, and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:
A. value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques.
B. value of extrinsic reward and behavioral management.
C. participative techniques and behavioral management.
D. value of intrinsic reward and participative techniques.
A. value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques.
- In China, _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.
A. group affiliation; professional achievement
B. professional achievement; individual success
C. group affiliation; harmony
D. individual success; harmony
C. group affiliation; harmony
- Work-motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories, which are:
A. method and outcome.
B. internal and external.
C. implicit and explicit.
D. content and process.
D. content and process.
- Work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior are explained by:
A. extrinsic theories.
B. content theories.
C. intrinsic theories.
D. process theories.
B. content theories.
- Most research in international human resource management has been _____.
A. context-oriented
B. content-oriented
C. procedure-oriented
D. process-oriented
B. content-oriented
- Content-oriented theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in _____.
A. a particular country or region
B. universal terms
C. Western-leaning nations
D. Eastern-leaning nations
A. a particular country or region
- Which of the following is a content theory of work motivation?
A. The hierarchy-of-needs theory
B. The goal-setting theory
C. The expectancy theory
D. The equity theory
A. The hierarchy-of-needs theory
- Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic need, they are:
A. physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
B. social, safety, physiological, self-actualization, and esteem needs.
C. safety, physiological, esteem, self-actualization, and social needs.
D. esteem, social, physiological, safety, and self-actualization needs.
A. physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
- Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its descriptions?
A. Physiological needs consist of the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic, physical needs.
B. Safety needs consist of the needs for power and status.
C. Social needs are the desires to reach one’s full potential by becoming everything one is capable of becoming.
D. Self-actualization needs are the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain.
A. Physiological needs consist of the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic, physical needs.
- Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description?
A. Physiological needs-the needs to interact and affiliate with others and the need to feel wanted by others
B. Safety needs-the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain
C. Esteem needs-the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic physical needs
D. Self-actualization needs-the needs for power and status
B. Safety needs-the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain
- The needs for power and status are included in:
A. esteem needs.
B. social needs.
C. physiological needs.
D. safety needs.
A. esteem needs.
- The needs to interact and affiliate with others are included in:
A. physiological needs.
B. safety needs.
C. social needs.
D. esteem needs.
C. social needs.
- Nevis suggested that a Chinese hierarchy of needs would have four levels, which from lowest to highest would be:
A. self-actualization in the service of society, safety, social, and esteem.
B. belonging, physiological, safety, and self-actualization in the service of society.
C. social, esteem, physiological, and safety.
D. safety, physiological, esteem, and belonging
B. belonging, physiological, safety, and self-actualization in the service of society.
- A basic assumption of Maslow’s theory is that:
A. lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become motivators.
B. higher-level needs must be satisfied before lower-level needs become motivators.
C. there are more ways to satisfy lower-level needs than there are ways to satisfy higher-level needs.
D. a need that has been satisfied can continue to serve as a motivator.
A. lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become motivators.
- In the Haire group’s study on Maslow’s need hierarchy, esteem needs were divided into two groups: esteem and _____.
A. stability
B. safety
C. autonomy
D. power
C. autonomy
- Researchers have suggested that Maslow’s theory needs a(n) _____.
A. capitalist perspective
B. collectivist perspective
C. individualist perspective
D. social individualist perspective
B. collectivist perspective
- Hofstede’s research shows that _____ needs rank highest for professionals and managers.
A. safety and social
B. social and esteem
C. esteem and self-actualization
D. social and physiological
C. esteem and self-actualization