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International MGNT > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. _____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.
    A. Ability
    B. Inducement
    C. Assurance
    D. Motivation
A

D. Motivation

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2
Q
  1. The three basic elements in the process of motivation are:
    A. needs, abilities, and desires.
    B. desires, drives, and accomplishments.
    C. needs, drives, and goal attainment.
    D. perceptions, attitudes, and goal attainment.
A

C. needs, drives, and goal attainment.

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3
Q
  1. One of the generally agreed-on starting assumptions about work motivation in the international arena is that the motivation process is:
    A. universal.
    B. indefinable.
    C. reversible.
    D. cyclical.
A

A. universal.

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4
Q
  1. The factors Welsh, Luthans, and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:
    A. value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques.
    B. value of extrinsic reward and behavioral management.
    C. participative techniques and behavioral management.
    D. value of intrinsic reward and participative techniques.
A

A. value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques.

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5
Q
  1. In China, _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.
    A. group affiliation; professional achievement
    B. professional achievement; individual success
    C. group affiliation; harmony
    D. individual success; harmony
A

C. group affiliation; harmony

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6
Q
  1. Work-motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories, which are:
    A. method and outcome.
    B. internal and external.
    C. implicit and explicit.
    D. content and process.
A

D. content and process.

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7
Q
  1. Work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior are explained by:
    A. extrinsic theories.
    B. content theories.
    C. intrinsic theories.
    D. process theories.
A

B. content theories.

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8
Q
  1. Most research in international human resource management has been _____.
    A. context-oriented
    B. content-oriented
    C. procedure-oriented
    D. process-oriented
A

B. content-oriented

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9
Q
  1. Content-oriented theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in _____.
    A. a particular country or region
    B. universal terms
    C. Western-leaning nations
    D. Eastern-leaning nations
A

A. a particular country or region

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following is a content theory of work motivation?
    A. The hierarchy-of-needs theory
    B. The goal-setting theory
    C. The expectancy theory
    D. The equity theory
A

A. The hierarchy-of-needs theory

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11
Q
  1. Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic need, they are:
    A. physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
    B. social, safety, physiological, self-actualization, and esteem needs.
    C. safety, physiological, esteem, self-actualization, and social needs.
    D. esteem, social, physiological, safety, and self-actualization needs.
A

A. physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its descriptions?
    A. Physiological needs consist of the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic, physical needs.
    B. Safety needs consist of the needs for power and status.
    C. Social needs are the desires to reach one’s full potential by becoming everything one is capable of becoming.
    D. Self-actualization needs are the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain.
A

A. Physiological needs consist of the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic, physical needs.

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description?
    A. Physiological needs-the needs to interact and affiliate with others and the need to feel wanted by others
    B. Safety needs-the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain
    C. Esteem needs-the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic physical needs
    D. Self-actualization needs-the needs for power and status
A

B. Safety needs-the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain

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13
Q
  1. The needs for power and status are included in:
    A. esteem needs.
    B. social needs.
    C. physiological needs.
    D. safety needs.
A

A. esteem needs.

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14
Q
  1. The needs to interact and affiliate with others are included in:
    A. physiological needs.
    B. safety needs.
    C. social needs.
    D. esteem needs.
A

C. social needs.

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15
Q
  1. Nevis suggested that a Chinese hierarchy of needs would have four levels, which from lowest to highest would be:
    A. self-actualization in the service of society, safety, social, and esteem.
    B. belonging, physiological, safety, and self-actualization in the service of society.
    C. social, esteem, physiological, and safety.
    D. safety, physiological, esteem, and belonging
A

B. belonging, physiological, safety, and self-actualization in the service of society.

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16
Q
  1. A basic assumption of Maslow’s theory is that:
    A. lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become motivators.
    B. higher-level needs must be satisfied before lower-level needs become motivators.
    C. there are more ways to satisfy lower-level needs than there are ways to satisfy higher-level needs.
    D. a need that has been satisfied can continue to serve as a motivator.
A

A. lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become motivators.

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16
Q
  1. In the Haire group’s study on Maslow’s need hierarchy, esteem needs were divided into two groups: esteem and _____.
    A. stability
    B. safety
    C. autonomy
    D. power
A

C. autonomy

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17
Q
  1. Researchers have suggested that Maslow’s theory needs a(n) _____.
    A. capitalist perspective
    B. collectivist perspective
    C. individualist perspective
    D. social individualist perspective
A

B. collectivist perspective

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18
Q
  1. Hofstede’s research shows that _____ needs rank highest for professionals and managers.
    A. safety and social
    B. social and esteem
    C. esteem and self-actualization
    D. social and physiological
A

C. esteem and self-actualization

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19
Q
  1. Researchers like Hofstede recommend that multinational companies (MNCs) should focus on giving _____ to their lower-level personnel in different countries.
    A. physical rewards
    B. autonomous roles
    C. honest feedback
    D. challenging tasks
A

A. physical rewards

20
Q
  1. Based on survey results, the top-ranking goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is _____.
    A. personal time
    B. friendly department
    C. autonomy
    D. training
A

D. training

20
Q
  1. According to survey results, which of the following is the least important goal for professional technical personnel from various countries?
    A. Benefits
    B. Security
    C. An efficient department
    D. A successful company
A

D. A successful company

21
Q
  1. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, taking care of hygiene factors could lead to:
    A. a decrease in satisfaction
    B. a decrease in dissatisfaction
    C. an increase in dissatisfaction
    D. an increase in satisfaction
A

B. a decrease in dissatisfaction

22
Q
  1. The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction. These are _____.
    A. inducement and subsistence
    B. advancement and responsibility
    C. hygiene factors and motivators
    D. recognition and rewards
A

C. hygiene factors and motivators

23
Q
  1. Which of the following factors would be classified as a motivator as per Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation?
    A. Interpersonal relations
    B. Working conditions
    C. Career advancement
    D. Company policies
A

C. Career advancement

24
Q
  1. According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, which of the following conditions is necessary for employee satisfaction?
    A. The presence of hygiene factors
    B. The absence of hygiene factors
    C. The presence of motivators
    D. The absence of motivators
A

C. The presence of motivators

25
Q
  1. A criticism of Herzberg’s theory is that it:
    A. classifies money as a hygiene factor.
    B. is not simple enough for laymen to understand.
    C. lacks validity across occupational levels.
    D. does not hold true for managerial jobs.
A

classifies money as a hygiene factor.

26
Q
  1. Which researcher concluded that “the Herzberg model appears to have validity across occupational levels”?
    A. David McClelland
    B. George Hines
    C. Maslow
    D. Hofstede
A

B. George Hines

27
Q
  1. According to the two-factor theory, efforts to motivate human resources must provide recognition, a chance to achieve and grow, advancement, and _____.
    A. power
    B. responsibility
    C. interesting work
    D. good working conditions
A

C. interesting work

28
Q
  1. A number of research efforts have been undertaken to replicate the two-factor theory, and in the main, they _____.
    A. cast doubt on Herzberg’s findings
    B. support Herzberg’s findings
    C. are unable to either refute or support Herzberg’s findings
    D. prove Herzberg’s findings to be utterly worthless
A

B. support Herzberg’s findings

29
Q
  1. Which of the following hygiene factors was regarded as a source of satisfaction rather than dissatisfaction in a study that tested the Herzberg theory in an Israeli kibbutz?
    A. salary
    B. working conditions
    C. interpersonal relations
    D. technical supervision
A

C. interpersonal relations

30
Q
  1. According to a study on work motivation conducted in Zambia, which of the following is a factor that adds to work motivation?
    A. Effort recognition
    B. Appropriate rewards
    C. Work nature
    D. Supplemental training
A

C. Work nature

31
Q
  1. MNCs would be wise to apply motivation-hygiene theory on a(n)_____ basis.
    A. country-by-country or a regional
    B. universal and global
    C. unconditional and universal
    D. continent-by-continent or a geographical
A

A. country-by-country or a regional

32
Q
  1. In work motivation, factors controlled by the organization, such as conditions, hours, earnings, security, benefits, and promotions are referred to as _____.
    A. job-context factors
    B. job-content factors
    C. job-process factors
    D. job-inducement factors
A

A. job-context factors

33
Q
  1. In work motivation, factors internally controlled, such as responsibility, achievement, and the work itself, are referred to as _____.
    A. job-process factors
    B. job-inducement factors
    C. job-content factors
    D. job-context factors
A

C. job-content factors

34
Q
  1. _____ theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success, and to reach objectives.
    A. Achievement motivation
    B. Two-factor
    C. Hierarchy of needs
    D. Quality of life
A

A. Achievement motivation

35
Q
  1. Which of the following is a quality of high achievers identified by researchers?
    A. High achievers always understate their victories and achievements.
    B. High achievers tend to form warm, close relationships with their co-workers.
    C. High achievers tend to be high risk takers.
    D. High achievers want concrete feedback on their performance.
A

D. High achievers want concrete feedback on their

36
Q
  1. As discovered by researchers, high-achievement needs can be developed in people by teaching them how to:
    A. daydream in positive terms.
    B. become team players.
    C. patiently wait for feedback.
    D. become high risk takers.
A

A. daydream in positive terms.

37
Q
  1. Which of the following theories states that the belief held by people that they are not being treated fairly has a negative effect on their job performance?
    A. Goal-setting theory
    B. Equity theory
    C. Motivation theory
    D. Expectancy theory
A

B. Equity theory

38
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the goal-setting theory?
    A. It focuses on how an individual’s perception of how fairly he is being treated affects his job performance.
    B. Unlike many theories of motivation, it has been continually refined and developed.
    C. It postulates that motivation is largely influenced by a multiplicative combination of a person’s belief.
    D. Most of the research on it has been conducted outside the United States.
A

B. Unlike many theories of motivation, it has been continually refined and developed.

39
Q
  1. Expectancy theory postulates all of the following except that:
    A. effort will lead to performance.
    B. performance will lead to specific outcomes.
    C. outcomes will be of value to the individual.
    D. employees are controlled by their external environment.
A

D. employees are controlled by their external environment.

40
Q
  1. _____ consists of a job’s content, the methods that are used on the job, and the way in which the job relates to others in the organization.
    A. Job design
    B. Task portfolio
    C. Job composition
    D. Job structure
A

A. Job design

41
Q
  1. Which of the following is a true statement of the to the quality of work life (QWL) in Japan?
    A. In Japan, there is strong uncertainty avoidance.
    B. The feminity index for Japan is high.
    C. Japanese workers are always given a say in what goes on in the organization.
    D. The Japanese do not rate money as an important motivator
A

A. In Japan, there is strong uncertainty avoidance

42
Q
  1. A worker’s quality of work life (QWL) is directly related to his or her country’s:
    A. predominant religious beliefs
    B. geographic location
    C. governmental structure
    D. culture
A

D. culture

42
Q
  1. _____ designs are job designs that blend personnel and technology.
    A. Sociotechnical
    B. Sociocultural
    C. Socioengineering
    D. Sociohostilic
A

A. Sociotechnical

43
Q
  1. The importance of work in an individual’s life relative to other areas of interest is referred to as:
    A. work prominence
    B. work centrality
    C. work salience
    D. work objectivity
A

B. work centrality

44
Q
  1. Which of the following is a reason why workers in America and Japan work long hours?
    A. Economic stagnation
    B. Low employee turnover
    C. High cost of living
    D. Globalized national cultures
A

C. High cost of living

45
Q
  1. “Balance in synergy” would require a moving away from all of the following except:
    A. individualistic thinking
    B. avoidance of risk taking
    C. holistic and idealistic thinking
    D. emphasis on control
A

C. holistic and idealistic thinking

46
Q
  1. Use of _____ to motivate employees is very common in countries with high individualism.
    A. fringe benefits
    B. job security
    C. participative techniques
    D. financial incentives
A

D. financial incentives

International MGNT (14 decks)

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