Chapter 2 Flashcards
- In the context of socialism, Karl Marx believed that:
A. businesses should benefit at the expense of laborers.
B. only a few individuals should benefit from businesses.
C. societal classes should exist.
D. governments should own businesses.
governments should own businesses.
- In the context of collectivism, the Greek philosopher Plato believed that:
A. individual desires should be viewed as the most important.
B. a classless society would help keep people focused on societal goals.
C. individual rights should be secured.
D. property should be commonly owned.
property should be commonly owned.
- In a business context, individualism is synonymous with _____.
A. collectivism
B. socialism
C. totalitarianism
D. capitalism
D. capitalism
- Philosophers such as David Hume, Adam Smith, and Aristotle contributed to the ideology of _____.
A. socialism
B. collectivism
C. individualism
D. communism
individualism
- Adopters of individualism adhere to the philosophy
that:
A. people should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.
B. government interest should solely influence individual behavior.
C. communism in its extreme form is realized through violent revolution.
D. the needs and goals of society at large are more important compared to individual desires.
people should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.
- Which of the following is one of the biggest problems in Russia and in other transition economies?
A. Social democracy
B. Privatization
C. Corruption
D. Nationalization
Corruption
- Identify a characteristic of social democracy.
A. Achievement of goals through nonviolent revolution
B. Transference of ownership of a business from individuals to a government
C. Loyalty of an individual toward his or her nation
D. Complete control over every facet of political and human life
Achievement of goals through nonviolent revolution
- Which of the following statements is true of democracy?
A. The government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections.
B. Once elected, a representative can no longer be held accountable for his or her actions.
C. Impartial public service restricts freedom of expression and assembly.
D. Once elected, a representative cannot be reelected.
The government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections.
- Political repression and denial of rights and civil liberties are dominant ideals of _____.
A. totalitarianism
B. a socialist democracy
C. collectivism
D. a monarchy
totalitarianism
- Aspects and degrees of the totalitarian form of government are still found in:
A. Singapore and Cambodia.
B. Germany and Italy.
C. Latin America only.
D. Vietnam, Cuba, and North Korea.
Vietnam, Cuba, and North Korea.
- Which of the following statements is true about totalitarianism?
A. The government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections.
B. Individual freedoms, such as freedom of expression and assembly, are secured.
C. Power is often maintained by suppression of opposition, which can be violent.
Power is often maintained by suppression of opposition, which can be violent.
- In the context of the four foundations on which laws are based around the world, civil or code law:
A. comes from the Marxist socialist system.
B. is derived from Roman law.
C. is the foundation of the legal system in the United States.
D. continues to influence regulations in former communist countries.
is derived from Roman law.
- In the context of the four foundations on which laws are based around the world, Islamic law is derived from:
A. the Marxist socialist system.
B. Roman law.
C. the ideologies of the Greek philosopher Prophet Farooq.
D. the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
- Identify a true statement about civil law.
A. It comes from English law and is found in nonsocialist countries.
B. It is found in most Islamic countries in the Middle East and Central Asia.
C. It is derived from Roman law and is found in the non-Islamic and nonsocialist countries.
D. It is the foundation of the legal system in the United States, Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand, and other nations.
It is derived from Roman law and is found in the non-Islamic and nonsocialist countries.
- _____ comes from English law and is the foundation of the legal system in the United States, Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand, and others.
A. Civil or code law
B. Islamic law
C. socialist law
D. Common law
Common law
- The _____ holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit.
A. principle of sovereignty
B. nationality principle
C. territoriality principle
D. protective principle
principle of sovereignty
- When compared with domestic law, international law is less coherent because:
A. it contains unwritten understandings that arise from repeated interactions among nations.
B. its sources embody only the laws of individual countries concerned with disputes.
C. its sources embody only the treaties and conventions of individual countries concerned with any dispute.
it contains unwritten understandings that arise from repeated interactions among nations.
- The _____ holds that every country has jurisdiction (authority or power) over its citizens no matter where they are located.
A. doctrine of comity
B. nationality principle
C. territoriality principle
D. sovereignty principle
nationality principle
- The _____ holds that every nation has the right of jurisdiction within its legal territory.
A. sovereignty principle
B. protective principle
C. territoriality principle
territoriality principle
- The _____ holds that every country has jurisdiction over behavior that adversely affects its national security, even if that conduct occurred outside the country.
A. territoriality principle
B. nationality principle
C. sovereignty principle
D. protective principle
protective principle