Chapter 12 - 2 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Viability

A

is the capability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus at the earliest possible gestatational age

Usually 20-22 weeks (text 22 wks from LMP)

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2
Q

viability survival depends on

A
  1. maturity of the fetal nervous system

2. Maturity of the lungs - surfactant

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3
Q

placental development

A

The placenta develops after the 3rd week of gestation
At term it will weigh 1- 1 ½ lbs.
It develops from the trophoblast layer(chorion) of the blastocyst and the layer of maternal endometrial that lies directly under the developing ovum
(Decidua basalis)

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4
Q

need at least how many pounds of weight gain

A

25 lbs, if less than deriving the baby; denial then don’t gain weight because don’t want to show it (teenage pregnancy)

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5
Q

deoxygenated blood and waste will seep out of

A

chorionic villi to be disposed of

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6
Q

in baby veins carry and arteries carry

A

oxygenated blood and arteries deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

Two types of Chorion

A
  1. Chorionic villus- villa that tap into pools of maternal blood that are formed in the decidua basalis, this will be the fetal portion of the future placenta and supply O2 and nutrients to the fetus
    1. Chorionic plate - some of the villa die and are pushed downward and it forms part of the tissue that becomes the fetal membranes
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8
Q

fetal side of placenta

A

smooth and glistening

If placenta separates from the middle this side (shiny Schultz) will deliver up in 80% of cases

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9
Q

maternal side of placenta

A

red and fleshlike,
has individual cotyledons that each contain a spiral artery (villus)
As the placenta ages these sites infarct but only need 50% for adequate perfusion
This side is delivered up when separation begins around the edges, in 20%of deliveries

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10
Q

if maternal side up of placenta then

A

dirty ucan

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11
Q

placenta functions

A
  1. Production of hormones
    HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) will stimulate the continued release of progesterone and estrogen so menses will not occur and uterine contractibility is decreased
    Also HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOSE (growth hormone)
2. Transports  gases (acts as the lungs)
     so fetal blood doesn’t go to lungs
   3. Transport of nutrients (GI system)
   4. Excreation of wastes (kidney)
   5. Conjugation of drugs and hormones (liver)
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12
Q

look for HGH in pregnancy test in

A

urine;
tells body not to shed tissue so placenta can develop;
starts 2nd week
if pregnancy test at 22 wks won’t have high enough HGH levels to test positive

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13
Q

fetal membranes

A

The fetal membranes will be made up of the CHORION (which came from the chorionic plate) and the AMNION which is an outgrowth of tissue from the placenta
The membranes holds the fetus suspended in
amniotic fluid

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14
Q

amniotic fluid

A

Cushioning the fetus
Helps to maintain a constant temperature
Keeps the membranes from adhering to the fetus
Allows movement of fetus and muscle development
The fluid comes from fetal urine and maternal blood across the amnion
-98% of fluid is water
-don’t want meconium
-if diabetic mother than can have polychyctamnios

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15
Q

umbilical cord

A

Two arteries- carries deoxygenated blood
One vein - carries oxygenated blood
Lack of a vessel can indicate congenital abnormalities
Wharton’s jelly - soft, spongy substance covering the umbilical cord

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16
Q

fetal circulation extra structures

A
  1. Ductus venous (liver)- connects the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava
    1. Foramen Ovale- opening between the right and left atrium
    2. Ductus arterious- shunts blood to aorta and away from the lungs
17
Q

fetal circulation

A

when baby is stressed in utero, blood is shunted to brain and heart
when cord clamp readjustment of pressures

18
Q

transiet murmor -

A

foramen ovale doesn’t completely close except murmur to go away at some point

19
Q

monozygotic twins-

A

1 placenta, identical twins, always the same sex, can have conjoined twins

20
Q

dizygotic twins-

A

can be different sexes, with two placentas, each fertilized by multiple sperm

21
Q

ovum and sperm —>

22
Q

zygote —>

A

morula (at 16 cells)

23
Q

morula —>

24
Q

blastocyst —>

A

trophoblast and embryoblast

25
trophoblast --->
placenta and chorion
26
chorion and amnion --->
fetal membranes
27
embroyoblast --->
yolk sac and fetus