Chapter 12 Flashcards
1
Q
- In systems analysis the analyst specifies the detailed computer-based solution.
A
Answer: False Page: 446 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This is system design, not systems analysis.
2
Q
- Systems analysis emphasizes the business problem; systems design focuses on the technical or implementation concerns of the system.
A
Answer: True Page: 446 LOD: Easy
3
Q
- Data-driven design emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document the technical or implementation aspects of a system.
A
Answer: False Page: 447 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This is model-driven design.
4
Q
- Synonyms for modern structured design are: top-down program design and structured programming.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Easy
5
Q
- Structured design is currently the most popular system design method.
A
Answer: False Page: 447 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Structured design has lost some of its popularity with many of today’s object-oriented applications.
6
Q
- Structured design is considered a process-oriented technique because its emphasis is on the process building blocks in our information system.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Easy
7
Q
- Structured design seeks to factor a program into the top-down hierarchy of modules that have the following properties - (1) modules should be highly cohesive; and (2) modules should be loosely coupled.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Medium
8
Q
- When modules are highly cohesive, each module should accomplish one and only one function. This makes the modules reusable in future programs.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Easy
9
Q
- When modules are tightly coupled, modules are minimally dependent on one another. This minimizes the effect that future changes in one module will have on other modules.
A
Answer: False Page: 447 LOD: Medium Rationale: When modules are loosely coupled, modules are minimally dependent on one another. This minimizes the effect that future changes in one module will have on other modules.
10
Q
- The structure chart is derived by studying the flow of data through the program. Structured design is performed during systems design.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Medium
11
Q
- Information engineering (IE) is a model-driven and data-centered, but process-sensitive, technique to plan, analyze, and design information systems.
A
Answer: True Page: 447 LOD: Easy
12
Q
- An advantage of prototyping is that it encourages and requires active end-user participation. This increases end-user morale and support for the project.
A
Answer: True Page: 449 LOD: Easy
13
Q
- A disadvantage of prototyping is that it encourages and requires active end-user participation.
A
Answer: False Page: 449 LOD: Medium
Rationale: This is an advantage.
14
Q
- An advantage of prototyping is that iteration and change are a natural consequence of systems development. End-users tend to change their minds. Prototyping better fits this natural situation because it assumes that a prototype evolves, through iteration, into the required system.
A
Answer: True Page: 449 LOD: Easy
15
Q
- An advantage of prototyping is that it helps end-users to visualize how a system will work, and hence help them to more fully know their requirements.
A
Answer: True Page: 449 LOD: Easy
16
Q
- An advantage of prototypes is that an approved prototype is a working equivalent to a paper design specification, with one exception - errors can be detected much earlier.
A
Answer: True Page: 449 LOD: Easy
17
Q
- An advantage of prototyping is that creativity can increase because it allows for quicker user feedback, which can lead to better solutions.
A
Answer: True Page: 449 LOD: Easy
18
Q
- A disadvantage of prototyping is that creativity can decrease because it allows for slower user feedback, which can lead to delayed solutions.
A
Answer: False Page: 449 LOD: Medium
Rationale: An advantage of prototyping is that creativity can increase because it allows for quicker user feedback, which can lead to better solutions.
19
Q
- A disadvantage of prototyping is that it encourages a return to the ‘code, implement, and repair’ life cycle that used to dominate information systems.
A
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
20
Q
- System design is also called logical design.
A
Answer: False Page: 446 LOD: Easy
Rationale: System design is also called physical design.
21
Q
- A disadvantage of prototyping is that you cannot completely substitute any prototype for a paper specification. No engineer would prototype an engine without some paper design. Yet many information systems professionals try to prototype without a specification. Prototyping should be used to complement, not replace, other methodologies. The level of detail required of the paper design may be reduced, but it is not eliminated.
A
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
22
Q
- Prototyping does not address numerous design issues. These issues can inadvertently be forgotten if you are not careful.
A
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
23
Q
- Prototyping completely addresses design issues and helps you to remember all of them in detail.
A
Answer: False Page: 450 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A disadvantage of prototyping is that numerous design issues may not be addressed. These issues can inadvertently be forgotten if you are not careful.
24
Q
- Prototyping is that it often leads to a premature commitment to a design (usually the first one implemented).
A
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
25
31. A disadvantage of prototyping is that the scope and complexity of the system can quickly expand beyond original plans. This can easily get out of control.
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
26
32. Prototyping helps keep the scope and complexity of the system project under control.
Answer: False Page: 450 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A disadvantage of prototyping is that the scope and complexity of the system can quickly expand beyond original plans. This can easily get out of control.
27
33. A disadvantage of prototyping is that it can reduce creativity in designs.
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
28
36. Prototypes can only be built to simulate the user dialogue with the system.
Answer: False Page: 450 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Prototypes can be built for simple outputs, computer dialogues, key functions, entire subsystems or even the entire system.
29
37. Object technologies and techniques are an attempt to eliminate the separation of concerns about data and process.
Answer: True Page: 450 LOD: Easy
30
38. Rapid application development (RAD) is the merger of various structured techniques (especially the data-driven information engineering) with prototyping techniques and joint application development techniques to accelerate systems development.
Answer: True Page: 451 LOD: Easy
31
39. Rapid application development calls for the interactive use of structured techniques and prototyping to define the users' requirements and design the final system.
Answer: True Page: 451 LOD: Easy
32
60. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the procurement and decision analysis phase?
A) Identify and research specific products that could support our recommended solution for the target information system.
B) Solicit, evaluate, and rank vendor proposals.
C) Reverse engineer and draw system models for each of the vendors' proposals.
D) Contract with the awarded vendor to obtain the product.
E) None of these
Answer: C Page: 460 LOD: Medium
33
```
61. In the procurement phase, which of the following is a resource used to conduct research on the technical alternatives?
A) technical and professional journals
B) internal standards
C) information services
D) trade newspapers and periodicals
E) all of these
```
Answer: E Page: 462-463 LOD: Medium
34
62. Which of the following emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document the technical or implementation aspects of a new system?
A) model-driven design
B) rapid application development
C) joint application development
D) both rapid application development and joint application design
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 447 LOD: Medium
35
63. Which of the following are examples of model-driven approaches?
A) structured design, rapid application development, CASE
B) information engineering, CASE, joint application design
C) object-oriented design, joint application, and rapid application development
D) structured design, information engineering and object-oriented design
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 447-450 LOD: Medium
36
66. A structure chart:
A) is derived by studying the flow of data through the program
B) is created during systems design
C) does not address all aspects of design
D) is the software model derived from structured design
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 447 LOD: Easy
37
67. Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?
A) It leads to early commitment to a design (usually the first design that is developed).
B) It negates the need for the systems analysis phases.
C) It addresses most, if not all, of the design issues.
D) It can increase creativity because it allows for quicker user feedback, which can lead to better solutions.
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
38
68. Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?
A) It encourages and requires active end-user participation.
B) It negates the need for the systems analysis phases.
C) It helps keep the scope and complexity of the system under control.
D) It can increase creativity because it encourages analysts, designers and end-users to look for better solutions.
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
39
69. Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?
A) Prototypes are an active, not passive, model that end-users can see, touch, feel and experience.
B) Prototyping can increase creativity because it allows for quicker user feedback, which can lead to better solutions.
C) Prototyping accelerates several phases of the life cycle.
D) Iteration and change are a natural consequence of systems development. Prototyping better fits this natural situation because it assumes that a prototype evolves.
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
40
70. Which of the following is a disadvantage of prototyping?
A) Prototyping encourages a return to the 'code, implement and repair' life cycle.
B) Prototypes are a passive model of the system.
C) End-users don't fully understand their requirements until they see them implemented.
D) Errors cannot be detected as easily when a prototype is developed.
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
41
71. Which of the following is a disadvantage of prototyping?
A) Numerous design issues are not addressed by prototyping.
B) Prototyping does not negate the need for systems analysis phases.
C) The scope and complexity of the system can quickly get out of control.
D) A prototype cannot completely substitute for a paper specification.
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 449-450 LOD: Easy
42
72. Which of the following is a disadvantage of prototyping?
A) It discourages the incorporation of changes into the design.
B) It is a working equivalent of a paper design specification.
C) It discourages end-user participation in the design process.
D) It does not negate the need for the systems analysis phases.
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
43
```
73. The merger of various structured techniques (especially data-driven information engineering) with prototyping techniques and joint application techniques to accelerate systems development is known as:
A) application architecture
B) object-oriented design
C) model-driven design
D) rapid application development
E) none of these
```
Answer: D Page: 451 LOD: Medium
44
```
76. When you have already decided on the specific product, but that product can be acquired from different vendors or distributors, what would you use to solicit a proposal from a vendor?
A) request for proposal (RFP)
B) request for quotation (RFQ)
C) request for specification (RFS)
D) request for design (RFD)
E) none of these
```
Answer: B Page: 463 LOD: Medium
45
```
77. When several different vendors and/or products are candidates and you want to solicit competitive proposals and quotes, what would you use?
A) request for proposal (RFP)
B) request for quotation (RFQ)
C) request for specification (RFS)
D) request for design (RFD)
E) none of these
```
Answer: A Page: 463 LOD: Medium
46
78. Systems ______________________ emphasizes the business problem; systems _______________________ focuses on the technical or implementation concerns of the system.
Answer: analysis; design Page: 446 LOD: Hard
47
79. __________________________ design emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document the technical or implementation aspects of a system.
Answer: Model-driven Page: 447 LOD: Medium
48
80. Structured design, information engineering, and object-oriented design are examples of ________________________ approaches.
Answer: model-driven Page: 447 LOD: Hard
49
81. _____________________________ is a process-oriented technique for breaking up a large program into a hierarchy of modules that result in computer programs that are easier to implement and maintain.
Answer: (Modern) structured design Page: 447 LOD: Hard
50
82. __________________________ seeks to factor a program into the top-down hierarchy of modules that have the following properties - (1) modules should be highly cohesive; and (2) modules should be loosely coupled.
Answer: Structured design Page: 447 LOD: Hard
51
83. Structured design seeks to factor a program into the top-down hierarchy of modules that have the following properties - (1) modules should be __________________ cohesive; and (2) modules should be ______________________ coupled.
Answer: highly, loosely Page: 447 LOD: Hard
52
86. When modules are highly cohesive each module should accomplish one and only one function. This makes the modules _____________ in future programs.
Answer: reusable Page: 447 LOD: Hard
53
87. When modules are loosely coupled modules are minimally dependent on one another. This minimizes the effect that ______________ in one module will have on other modules.
Answer: future changes Page: 473 LOD: Hard
54
88. The software model derived from structured design is called a(n) __________________________. It is derived by studying the flow of data through the program.
Answer: structure chart Page: 447 LOD: Hard
55
89. ______________________________ is a model-driven and data-centered, but process-sensitive, technique to plan, analyze, and design information systems.
Answer: Information engineering (IE) Page: 447-448 LOD: Hard
56
90. The primary tool of information engineering is the _________________ (also known as the entity-relationship diagram).
Answer: data model diagram Page: 447-448 LOD: Medium
57
91. The ____________________________ approach is an iterative process involving a close working relationship between the designer and the users where a working, programmed model of the system is used to facilitate the specification of the design.
Answer: prototyping Page: 448-449 LOD: Hard
58
92. A(n) ___________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it encourages and requires active end-user participation. This increases end-user morale and support for the project.
Answer: advantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
59
93. A(n) ____________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that iteration and change are a natural consequence of systems development. End-users tend to change their minds. Prototyping better fits this natural situation because it assumes that a prototype evolves, through iteration, into the required system.
Answer: advantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
60
96. A(n) ____________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that creativity can increase because it allows for quicker user feedback, which can lead to better solutions.
Answer: advantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
61
97. A(n) __________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it can accelerate several phases of the life cycle, possibly bypassing the programmer. It consolidates parts of phases that normally occur one after the other.
Answer: advantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
62
98. A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it encourages a return to the 'code, implement, and repair' life cycle that used to dominate information systems.
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
63
99. A(n) _________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it does not negate the need for the systems analysis phases. A prototype can just as easily solve the wrong problems and opportunities as a conventionally developed system.
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
64
100. A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that you cannot completely substitute any prototype for a paper specification. No engineer would prototype an engine without some paper design. Yet many information systems professionals try to prototype without a specification. Prototyping should be used to complement, not replace, other methodologies. The level of detail required of the paper design may be reduced, but it is not eliminated.
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
65
101. A(n) _______________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that numerous design issues are not addressed. These issues can inadvertently be forgotten if you are not careful.
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
66
102. A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it often leads to a premature commitment to a design (usually the first one implemented).
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
67
103. A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of prototyping is that it can reduce creativity in designs. The very nature of any implementation - for instance, a prototype of a report - can prevent analysis, designers and end-users from looking for better solutions.
Answer: disadvantage Page: 449-450 LOD: Medium
68
106. _______________________ technologies and techniques are an attempt to eliminate the separation of concerns about data and process.
Answer: Object or object-oriented Page: 450 LOD: Hard
69
107. ______________________________ techniques are used to refine the object requirements definitions identified earlier during analysis, and to define and design specific objects.
Answer: Object-oriented design (OOD) Page: 450-451 LOD: Hard
70
108. _______________________________ is the merger of various structured techniques (especially the data-driven information engineering) with prototyping techniques and joint application development techniques to accelerate systems development.
Answer: Rapid application development (RAD) Page: 451 LOD: Hard
71
109. ________________________ calls for the interactive use of structured techniques and prototyping to define the users' requirements and design the final system.
Answer: Rapid application development (RAD) Page: 451 LOD: Hard
72
110. ________________________ is a technique that complements other systems analysis and design techniques by emphasizing participative development among system owners, users, designers and builders.
Answer: Joint application development (JAD) Page: 451 LOD: Hard
73
111. A(n) ________________________ defines the technologies to be used by (and used to build) one, more, or all information systems in terms of their data, processes, interfaces and network components.
Answer: application architecture Page: 453 LOD: Hard
74
112. The ________________________ is used to establish the physical processes and data stores across a network.
Answer: physical data flow diagram (PDFD) Page: 455 LOD: Hard
75
113. A(n) ________________________ is the structural model for a database. It is a picture or map of the records and relationships to be implemented by the database.
Answer: database schema Page: 457 LOD: Hard
76
116. The ________________________ is used when several different vendors and/or products are candidates and you want to solicit competitive proposals and quotes. Its purpose is to communicate requirements and desired features to prospective vendors.
Answer: request for proposal (RFP) Page: 463 LOD: Hard
77
117. In-house development is often called the _______________ solution.
Answer: build Page: 453 LOD: Hard
78
118. Integrating commercial software is often called the _______________ solution.
Answer: buy Page: 460 LOD: Hard
79
119. The ____________________________ identifies specifications that are important to the software and/or hardware that is to be selected.
Answer: procurement phase Page: 460 LOD: Hard
80
120. The second task of the ____________________ is to solicit proposals from vendors.
Answer: procurement phase Page: 460 LOD: Hard
