CHAPTER 12: CV AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS

Question 1

What 3/5 factors must a patient has to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 1

▪ Increased abdominal girth (abdomen is >40 in (men) >35 in (women))
▪ Elevated triglycerides (>/= 150)
▪ Decreased HDL (<40 men <50 women)
▪ High blood pressure (systolic >130, diastolic >85)
▪ Elevated blood glucose levels (>100)

** patients at increased risk for diabetes and heart disease **

Question 2

What is the nutritional recommendations for heart disease patients?

Answer 2

o Low fat and low cholesterol diet
o Less than 200 mg of cholesterol per day 
o Avoid saturated fats and trans fats
o Use liquid oils whenever possible
o Avoid fried foods (broil, bake, grill or steam)
o Increase fiber intake
o Decrease red meat consumption (eat lean meat)
o Remove fat and skin from meats 
o Use low fat/nonfat dairy 
o Use spices instead of butter and salt
▪ Eat turkey or chicken
o Increase omega-3 fatty acid intake 
▪ Fish, nuts, seed, plant oils
o Check on their homocysteine levels
▪ High= higher risk of heart disease
o Make lifestyle changes

Question 3

What is the nutritional recommendations for HTN patients?

Answer 3

o Consume a DASH diet
▪ Low sodium and fat
▪ High potassium
▪ High calcium
o Limit their sodium intake to 1500 micrograms per day 
o Avoid foods that are high in sodium
▪ Canned foods
▪ Smoked meat
▪ Pretzels
▪ chips
▪ Processed foods
o Increase intake of low-fat dairy
o Increase intake of fruits and vegetables and whole grains 
o Limit alcohol consumption

Question 4

What is the nutritional recommendations for CHF patients?

Answer 4

o Limit sodium and fluid intake
▪ Sodium < 3000 mg per day
▪ Fluid < 2 L per day
        • Water follows sodium!! 
o Increase proteins (1.12 g/kg)
o Eat small frequent meals that are soft and easy to chew

Question 5

What is the nutritional recommendations for MI patients?

Answer 5

o Avoid caffeine
o Eat small and frequent meals
o Follow heart healthy diet (look at heart disease)
o Liquid diet for 1st 24hrs

Question 6

What is the nutritional recommendations for anemia patients?

Answer 6

• Body requires adequate iron, B 12 and folic acid in order to synthesize RBC
  ▪ They need to increase their intake of these items!
  • Iron: meat, dark green vegetables, whole grains, beans, tofu
  • B 12: meat, eggs, milk
  • Folic Acid: leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, fortified cereal and bread, chicken liver